Volunteers and members of the “Collections Club” of the Field Museum provide a blueprint for how community scientists can help researchers around the world.
Matt von Konrat teaching student volunteers how to digitize museum specimens. Photo by Michelle Kuo (c).
There are over three billion specimens and cultural objects housed in natural history collections around the world—things like fossils, dried plants, and pinned insects. Close to forty million of them are at the Field Museum in Chicago, mostly behind the scenes in a vast library documenting life on Earth.
These collections are used by scientists at the museum and around the world to explore what lived where and when and how living things have changed over time.
However, much of the information about these collections is hard to access, because there are no digital records of it.
Specimens from the “behind-the-scenes collections“ at the Field Museum. Photo by John Weinstein.
Community scientists volunteering at the Field Museum who have formed a Collections Club are helping to solve this problem.
So far, they’ve digitized more than a quarter-million collections items and records.
The Field Museum recently published a scientific paper in the journal NaturalHistory Collections and Museumomics about the work of these community scientists as a record of what they’ve accomplished and as a blueprint for other natural history collections to work with volunteers in their communities.
By the way, the Field Museum prefers to use the term “community scientists” rather than the synonymous “citizen scientists”, in order to emphasize that the work is a community effort. They also wish to be inclusive of all volunteers regardless of their citizenship status. Several community scientists are in fact listed as co-authors of the new.
“What’s remarkable is how the enthusiasm has sustained and grown,” says Matt von Konrat, Head of Botanical Collections at the Field Museum and the lead author of the paper.
“Our surveys show that participants are increasingly motivated by altruistic reasons—they want to contribute to science and support the museum’s mission.
The fact that many of our volunteers are now co-authors on this scientific paper shows how far we’ve come in breaking down traditional barriers between professional scientists and community researchers.”
Since 2015, over 3,800 volunteers have contributed more than 13,500 hours helping to digitize, catalog, and preserve specimens—equivalent to nearly eight years of full-time work. Their efforts have processed over 300,000 scientific specimens, records and objects, making valuable data accessible to researchers worldwide.
“At its core, the Field Museum strives to connect people to the natural world and the human story. The Collections Club reflects this mission by transforming over 300,000 specimens into a digital and physical legacy, providing scientists across the globe with the data they need to understand and protect our biodiversity,”
says von Konrat.
The program’s success has been driven by both in-person and virtual engagement opportunities, particularly through initiatives like WeDigBio (Worldwide Engagement for Digitizing Biocollections) and the Field Museum’s Collections Club. During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the program successfully pivoted to virtual participation, maintaining strong community connections when they were needed most.
Community scientists at the Field Museum’s 2019 WeDigBio event curating lichen specimens – a critical process unlocking scientific information from natural history collections. Photo by Robert Salm.
“There were so many dynamics working against us during COVID: sporadic closures and re-openings in Chicago of restaurants, parks, museums, and businesses. The ability for me to continue cataloging and repackaging specimens for the Field Museum was the only constant and sane reference for me; days of the week and working hours had no boundaries. I don’t think any other museum in Chicago had volunteers as dedicated as the Field Museum, and I was happy to be part of the experience.”
says Robert Salm, a volunteer in the Field Museum’s botanical collections.
A Mobile Museum display made by Field Museum Collections Club members Winne and Gwen Blake. Photo by Erryn Blake.
The impact extends beyond adults to inspire the next generation of scientists. In one touching example highlighted in the paper, two fifth-grade students were so inspired by their participation that they created their own “Mobile Museum” to share natural history with other young people. These young scientists are among the paper’s co-authors, demonstrating the program’s commitment to elevating youth voices in science.
According to the Blake family, whose children Winnie and Gwen created the Mobile Museum, “Collections Club makes science tangible, accessible, and real. It shows students that away from a conventional classroom setting, where science can feel like a chore, this program helps in contributing to a global community benefiting countless research efforts. The Mobile Museum was created as an extension of Collections Club to bring the passion for science to kids of all ages.”
Collections Club members Winne (blue shirt) and Gwen (pink shirt). Photo by Erryn Blake.
The Field Museum’s model demonstrates how institutions of any size can engage their communities in meaningful scientific work. The paper provides detailed recommendations and checklists for other organizations looking to develop similar programs.
“This success story wouldn’t have been possible without Chicago’s vibrant media landscape helping us reach new audiences,” said von Konrat.
“From local blogs to major television networks, each platform played a vital role in building this community of scientists.
We hope this model inspires other museums and research institutions to build similar programs.
Together, we are fostering a shared legacy that underscores the value of biodiversity and scientific heritage for future generations.”
The full research paper, published in the journal Natural History Collections and Museomics, provides a comprehensive overview of the program’s development and impact over nearly a decade of community engagement, while setting a new standard for inclusive scientific authorship.
Stay up-to-date with publications and news from the Natural History Collections and Museomics (NHCM) journal on social media on BlueSky, X and Facebook.
Research article:
von Konrat M, Rodriguez Y, Bailey C, Gwilliam III GF, Christian C, Aguero B, Ahn J, Albion Z, Allen JR, Bailey C, Blake E, Blake W, Blake G, Briscoe L, Budke JM, Campbell T, Chansler M, Clark D, Delapena R, Denslow M, Dodinval D, Dux E, Ellis S, Ellwood E, Enkhbayer M, Ens B, Evans NM, Fabian A, Ferguson A, Gaswick W, Golembiewski K, Grant S, Hancock L, Hansen K, Janney B, Jones J, Kachian Z, Kawasaki ML, Kellum K, Leek O, Lichamer A, Maier C, Mast A, Martinec JL, Mayer P, Mladek M, Nadhifah A, Neefus C, Nodulman M, Oliver M, Overberg K, Townsend Peterson A, Qazi-Lampert A, Rothfels C, Ryan ZA, Salm R, Schreiner D, Schreiner M, Tepe EJ, Turcatel M, Vega A, Wade H, Webbink K, Weinand D, Widhelm T, Zwingelberg M (2024) From spectators to stewards: Transforming public involvement in natural history collections. Natural History Collections and Museomics 1: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/nhcm.1.138247
Yet another hectic year has passed for our team at Pensoft, so it feels right to look back at the highlights from the last 12 months, as we buckle up for the leaps and strides in 2025.
In the past, we have used the occasion to take you back to the best moments of our most popular journals (see this list of 2023 highlights from ZooKeys, MycoKeys, PhytoKeys and more!); share milestones related to our ARPHA publishing platform (see the new journals, integrations and features from 2023); or let you reminisce about the coolest research published across our journals during the year(check out our Top 10 new species from 2021).
In 2022, when we celebrated our 30th anniversary on the academic scene, we extended our festive spirit throughout the year as we dived deep into those fantastic three decades. We put up Pensoft’s timeline and finished the year with a New Species Showdown tournament, where our followers on (what was back then) Twitter voted twice a week for their favourite species EVER described on the pages of our taxonomic journals.
Spoiler alert: we will be releasing our 2024 Top 10 New Species on Monday, 23 December, so you’d better go to the right of this screen and subscribe to our blog!
As we realised we might’ve been a bit biased towards our publishing activities over the years, this time, hereby, we chose to present you a retrospection that captures our best 2024 moments from across the departments, and shed light on how the publishing, technology and project communication endeavours fit together to make Pensoft what it is.
In truth, we take pride in being an exponentially growing family of multiple departments that currently comprises over 60 full-time employees and about a dozen freelancers working from all corners of the world, including Australia, Canada, Belgium and the United Kingdom. Together, we are all determined to make sure we continuously improve our service to all who have trusted us: authors, reviewers, editors, client journals, learned societies, research institutions, project consortia and other external collaborators.
After all, great deeds are only possible when you team up with great like-minded people!
In 2024, at Pensoft, we were hugely pleased to see a significant growth in the published output at almost all our journals, including record-breaking numbers in both submissions and publications at flagship titles of ours, including the Biodiversity Data Journal, PhytoKeys and MycoKeys.
Later in 2024, our colleagues, who work together with our clients to ensure their journals comply with the requirements of the top scholarly databases before they apply for indexation, informed us that another two journals in our portfolio have had their applications to Clarivate’s Web of Science successfully accepted. These are the newest journal of the International Association of Vegetation Science: Vegetation and Classification, and Metabarcoding and Metagenomics: a journal we launched in 2017 in collaboration with a team of brilliant scientists working together at the time within the DNAquaNet COST Action.
In 2024, we also joined the celebrations of our long-time partners at the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, whose three journals: Zoosystematics and Evolution, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift and Fossil Record are all part of our journal portfolio. This year marked the 10th Open Access anniversary of the three journals.
In the meantime, we also registered a record in new titles either joining the Pensoft portfolio or opting for ARPHA Platform’s white-label publishing solution, where journal owners retain exclusivity for the publication of their titles, yet use ARPHA’s end-to-end technology and as many human-provided services as necessary.
Pensoft’s CEO and founder Prof. Dr. Lyubomir Penev with Prof. Dr. Marc Stadler, Editor-in-Chief of IMA Fungus and President of the International Mycological Association at the Pensoft booth at the 12th International Mycological Congress (August, the Netherlands).
Amongst our new partners are the International Mycological Association who moved their official journal IMA Fungus to ARPHA Platform. As part of Pensoft’s scholarly portfolio, the renowned journal joins another well-known academic title in the field of mycology: MycoKeys, which was launched by Pensoft in 2011. The big announcement was aptly made public at this year’s 12th International Mycological Congress where visitors of the Pensoft stand could often spot newly elected IMA President and IMA Fungus Chief editor: Marc Stadler chatting with our founder and CEO Lyubomir Penev by the Pensoft/MycoKeys booth.
On our end, we did not stop supporting enthusiastic and proactive scientists in their attempt to bridge gaps in scientific knowledge. In January, we launched the Estuarine Management and Technologies journal together with Dr. Soufiane Haddout of the Ibn Tofail University, Morocco.
Later on, Dr. Franco Andreone (Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Italy) sought us with the idea to launch a journal addressing the role of natural history museums and herbaria collections in scientific progress. This collaboration resulted in the Natural History Collections and Museomics journal, officially announced at the joint TDWG-SPNHC conference in Okinawa, Japan in August.
Around this time, we finalised our similarly exciting journal project in partnership with Prof. Dr. Volker Grimm (UFZ, Germany), Prof. Dr. Karin Frank (UFZ, Germany), Prof. Dr. Mark E. Hauber (City University of New York) and Prof. Dr. Florian Jeltsch (University of Potsdam, Germany). The outcome of this collaboration is called Individual-based Ecology: a journal that aims to promote an individual-based perspective in ecology, as it closes the knowledge gap between individual-level responses and broader ecological patterns.
The three newly-launched journals are all published under the Diamond Open Access model, where neither access, nor publication is subject to charges.
As you can see, we have a lot to be proud of in terms of our journals. This is also why in 2024 our team took a record number of trips to attend major scientific events, where we got the chance to meet face-to-face with long-time editors, authors, reviewers and readers of our journals. Even more exciting was meeting the new faces of scientific research and learning about their own take on scholarship and academic journals.
Pensoft’s CEO and founder Prof. Dr. Lyubomir Penev welcomed editors at PhytoKeys to the Pensoft-PhytoKeys-branded booth at the XX International Botanical Congress in July 2024 (Spain).
We cannot possibly comment on Pensoft’s tech progress in 2024 without mentioning the EU-funded project BiCIKL (acronym for Biodiversity Community Integrated Knowledge Library) that we coordinated for three years ending up last April.
This 36-month endeavour saw 14 member institutions and 15 research infrastructures representing diverse actors from the biodiversity data realm come together to improve bi-directional links between different platforms, standards, formats and scientific fields.
Following these three years of collaborative work, we reported a great many notable research outputs from our consortium (find about them in the open-science project collection in the Research Ideas and Outcomes journal, titled “Towards interlinked FAIR biodiversity knowledge: The BiCIKL perspective”) that culminated in the Biodiversity Knowledge Hub: a one-stop portal that allows users to access FAIR and interlinked biodiversity data and services in a few clicks; and also a set of policy recommendations addressing key policy makers, research institutions and funders who deal with various types of data about the world’s biodiversity, and are thereby responsible to ensuring there findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability (FAIR-ness).
Apart from coordinating BiCIKL, we also worked side-by-side with our partners to develop, refine and test each other’s tools and services, in order to make sure that they communicate efficiently with each other, thereby aligning with the principles of FAIR data and the needs of the scientific community in the long run.
During those three years we made a lot of refinements to our OpenBiodiv: a biodiversity database containing knowledge extracted from scientific literature, built as an Open Biodiversity Knowledge Management System, and our ARPHA Writing Tool. The latter is an XML-based online authoring environment using a large set of pre-formatted templates, where manuscripts are collaboratively written, edited and submitted to participating journals published on ARPHA Platform. What makes the tool particularly special is its multiple features that streamline and FAIRify data publishing as part of a scientific publication, especially in the field of biodiversity knowledge. In fact, we made enough improvements to the ARPHA Writing Tool that we will be soon officially releasing its 2.0 version!
OpenBiodiv – The Open Biodiversity Knowledge Management System
ARPHA Writing Tool 2.0
Amongst our collaborative projects are the Nanopublications for Biodiversity workflow that we co-developed with KnowledgePixels to allow researchers to ‘fragment’ their most important scientific findings into machine-actionable and machine-interpretable statements. Being the smallest units of publishable information, these ‘pixels of knowledge’ present an assertion about anything that can be uniquely identified and attributed to its author and serve to communicate a single statement, its original source (provenance) and citation record (publication info).
Nanopublications for Biodiversity
In partnership with the Swiss-based Text Mining group of Patrick Ruch at SIB and the text- and data-mining association Plazi, we brought the SIB Literature Services (SIBiLS) database one step closer to solidifying its “Biodiversity PMC” portal and working title.
Understandably, we spent a lot of effort, time and enthusiasm in raising awareness about our most recent innovations, in addition to our long-standing workflows, formats and tools developed with the aim to facilitate open and efficient access to scientific data; and their integration into published scholarly work, as well as receiving well-deserved recognition for their collection.
We just can’t stress it enough how important and beneficial it is for everyone to have high-quality FAIR data, ideally made available within a formal scientific publication!
🗨️Imagine if ALL these links were provided as hyperlinks within a #scholarly publication!
Pensoft’s CTO Teodor Georgiev talks about innovative methods and good practices in the publication of biodiversity data in scholarly papers at the First national meeting of the Bulgarian Barcode of Life (BgBOL) consortium (December, Bulgaria).
🤔What is a Data Paper?
👍 A means to describe a #dataset – like the ones on @GBIF – in a standardised, widely accepted #scientific article format.
👇🧵Highlights from @LyuboPenev's talk at the int'l symposium "#BiodiversityData in montane & arid Eurasia" in Kazakhstan 🇰🇿
Pensoft’s CEO and founder Prof. Dr. Lyubomir Penev presenting his “Data papers on biodiversity” talk at the “Biodiversity data in montane and arid Eurasia” symposium jointly organized by GBIF and by the Institute of Zoology of Republic of Kazakhstan (November, Kazakhstan).
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📸Today, at the @EASEeditors symposium, our @teodorpensoft gave a sneak peek into the AI-assisted tools at @ARPHAplatform we have been working on (e.g. Word -> JATS XML conversion) and the #ARPHA Writing Tool 2.0 (coming up in early 2025)!🎉
Pensoft’s CTO Teodor Georgiev presents new features and workflows currently in testing at the ARPHA Writing Tool 2.0 at the EASE Autumn Symposium 2024 (online event).Pensoft’s Head of Journal development, Marketing and PR Iva Boyadzhieva talks about Pensoft’s data publishing approach and innovations at the German Ecological Society 53rd Annual Conference (September, Germany).
Pensoft as a science communicator
At our Project team, which is undoubtedly the fastest developing department at Pensoft, science communicators are working closely with technology and publishing teams to help consortia bring their scientific results closer to policy actors, decision-makers and the society at large.
Ultimately, bridging the notorious chasm between researchers and global politics boils down to mutual understanding and dialogue.
Pensoft’s communication team attended COP16 (November 2024, Colombia) along with partners at the consortia of CO-OP4CBD, BioAgora and RESPIN: three Horizon Europe projects, whose communication and dissemination is led by Pensoft.
Throughout 2024, the team, comprising 20 science communicators and project managers, has been working as part of 27 EU-funded project consortia, including nine that have only started this year (check out all partnering projects on the Pensoft website, ordered from most recently started to oldest). Apart from communicating key outcomes and activities during the duration of the projects, at many of the projects, our team has also been actively involved in their grant proposal drafting, coordination, administration, platform development, graphic and web design and others (see all project services offered by Pensoft to consortia).
📸As leaders of the “Stakeholder engagement, comms & dissemination” WP at @BCubedProject, we joined the annual meeting to report on project branding, #scicomm & #DataManagement.
Naturally, we had a seat on the front row during many milestones achieved by our partners at all those 27 ongoing projects, and communicated to the public by our communicators.
Amongst those are the release of the InsectsCount web application developed within the Horizon 2020 project SHOWCASE. Through innovative gamification elements, the app encourages users to share valuable data about flower-visiting insects, which in turn help researchers gain new knowledge about the relationship between observed species and the region’s land use and management practices (learn more about InsectsCount on the SHOWCASE prroject website).
Another fantastic project output was the long-awaited dataset of maps of annual forest disturbances across 38 European countries derived from the Landsat satellite data archive published by the Horizon Europe project ForestPaths in April (find more about the European Forest Disturbance Atlas on the ForestPaths project website).
In a major company highlight, last month, our project team participated in COP29 in Baku, Azerbaijan with a side event dedicated to the role of open science and science communication in climate- and biodiversity-friendly policy.
Pensoft’s participation at COP29 – as well as our perspective on FAIR data and open science – were recently covered in an interview by Exposed by CMD (a US-based news media accredited to cover the event) with our science communicator Alexandra Korcheva and project manager Boris Barov.
You see, A LOT of great things worth celebrating happened during the year for us at Pensoft: all thanks to ceaselessly flourishing collaboration based on transparency, trust and integrity. Huge ‘THANK YOU!’ goes to everyone who has joined us in our endeavours!
Here’s to many more shared achievements coming up in 2025!
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The first national symposium on DNA barcoding took place on 5 December 2025 at the Headquarters of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, where it was attended by renowned Bulgarian scientists in the field, in addition to early-career researchers and PhD students representing different institutions.
The event saw a day-long series of lectures and a poster session, during which the participants had the opportunity to get acquainted with the work of their colleagues in various fields of biology.
Amongst the topics were the development of the Bulgarian molecular laboratory in Antarctica; the study of the invertebrate fauna currently underrepresented in DNA reference libraries; the return of the beaver to Bulgaria; and research on phytopathogenic fungi on agricultural crops.
During the coffee breaks sponsored by the National Museum of Natural History, the delegates had the chance to network and exchange experience between institutions and fields of expertise.
Teodor Georgiev, CTO at Pensoft held a presentation about the 2.0 version of the ARPHA Writing Tool. In its greatly improved version, it will feature many new, refined and elaborated workflows that help and simplify data publishing, discoverability, reusability and overall FAIRness.
🗨️Imagine if ALL these links were provided as hyperlinks within a #scholarly publication!
The event was opened and closed by Prof. Dr. Lyubomir Penev, who was elected as the Chair of the Governing Board at the Bulgarian Barcode of Life last year. He is also the founder and CEO of Pensoft.
In his closing speech, Penev expressed his hopes for the development of BgBOL and confirmed the plans of the consortium to turn the symposium into an annual tradition. Congratulations were extended to BgBOL’s newest member: the Institute of Oceanology “Fridtjof Nansen” at BAS.
He also announced the launch of a new special collection in the Biodiversity Data Journal, which will welcome scientific papers related to the Bulgarian and Balkan biota and using DNA barcoding methods. The authors of the first five papers to be submitted and accepted at the collection will take advantage of free publication.
Finally, he thanked the hosts of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Headquarters: Stefania Kamenova and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Georgi Bonchev, who are also Vice-Chair and Chair of the Executive Board at BgBOL, respectively. A special thanks went also to Prof. Pavel Stoev, Director of the National Museum of Natural History.
Titled “Enlighten the Marvels: A New Journal Dedicated to Natural History Museums, Collections, and Their Role in Interpreting a Changing World,” the article outlines the journal’s mission to address gaps in research and practice in the field of natural history collections.
Natural History Collections and Museomics promoted by Pensoft at the 2024 International Congress of Entomology in Kyoto, Japan.
Editors-in-Chief Dr. Franco Andreone, Prof. Shuqiang Li, Dr. Shelley James and Deborah Paul penned the editorial alongside Pensoft’s CEO and founder Prof. Lyubomir Penev and COO Prof. Pavel Stoev. Their contribution builds on the recent official announcement of the journal’s launch on the ARPHA Platform.
The new journal, the editorial team writes,aims to tap the potential of natural history collections to confront global challenges such as climate change, habitat loss, invasive species, and zoonotic diseases.
“[Natural history museums] need visible allies, and we call for other disciplines, university departments, industry and governments to stand up and actively support the care and development of collections and the collective expertise and data connected across them,” reads the editorial.
“Modern technologies and the rapid development of science make it possible to apply new transformative methods and approaches to the study of collection materials, which may reveal important information from an innovative and evolutionary point of view.”
Supported by CETAF (Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities), Europe’s leading voice for taxonomy and systematic biology, NHCM encourages interdisciplinary approaches and collaborations across fields such as taxonomy, conservation, education, ethics, and museum studies.
Submissions to the journal are open, and the first articles will be published in 2025. Researchers, scholars, and practitioners are invited to contribute.
For more information and submission guidelines, please visit the Natural History Collections and Museomicswebsite.You can also follow the journal on X, Facebook and Bluesky.
“Traditionally theoretical landscape works can support practical tasks like nature conservation through the ecosystem services mapping and assessment.”
Guest blog post by Hristina Prodanova, Stoyan Nedkov, and Yordan Yordanov
In a recent study, geography researchers from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences have demonstrated that the old landscape maps typically produced during mid-late 20th century in the former USSR and Eastern Europe can actually provide valuable information for modern nature conservation purposes. “Our study in Nature Conservation evidences that traditionally theoretical landscape works can support practical tasks like nature conservation through ecosystem services mapping and assessment,” says the lead author Dr. Hristina Prodanova.
Conceptual scheme of the study.
In this study, the authors developed and applied an approach that enabled them to transform the paper-copy information from old landscape maps to GIS data that is appropriate for assessing ecosystem services (ES) at a landscape scale. The assessment of ES conservation potential using the national scale landscape mapping allows them to analyze the spatial relationships between the landscapes with high conservation value and the existing nature protection network in Bulgaria as a case study country.
The conceptual scheme of the study demonstrates how the results of the ES potential provided by the natural heritage (NH) at a national level can be combined with the landscape units from the traditional landscape classification schemes to produce various spatial and statistical metrics. Thus, they can reveal how the national system of protected areas coincides with the areas of high ES conservation value.
Potential of the natural heritage to provide ecosystem services for nature conservation.
Scientists from different countries have different perceptions of landscape, its definitions, mapping, and classification system. National landscape mappings use different sources of information and criteria for landscape units’ delineation and classification, for example data, on national boundaries and current land use in Germany and landscape character area in the United Kingdom. In Bulgaria, landscape works are predominantly based on the geosystem concept, which defines the landscape as “a specific geographical area forming a system of natural components (rock, soil, air, water, vegetation, and animals), which is changing in time under both natural factors and human activities.
The authors of the study say that landscape research from Eastern European countries, and Bulgaria in particular, has generally hardly been communicated with the international audience, and the lack of publications in English language on theoretical aspects of landscape mapping proves it. Their study contributes to filling this gap, while building a bridge between landscape research from the Eastern and Western world to solve modern research questions.
Distribution of the protected areas per landscape and those with highest conservation potential. Description of the landscape types A hilly subtropical humid B plain and hilly mediterranean semi-humid V plain and hilly submediterranean semi-humid G plain submediterranean semi-arid D plain and hilly warm-temperate semi-humid Е plain and hilly semi-arid Zh foothills and hilly warm-temperate humid Z plain and hilly temperate semi-humid I plain semi-arid K hydromorphic and subhydromorphic L mountain subtropical humid М mountain submediterranean N mountain warm-temperate semi-humid O mountain temperate humid R mountain cold-temperate humid S high-mountain grassland.
“I am very glad that we succeeded in proving our hypothesis that the old-fashioned landscape maps may have a practical application in modern research. I remember very well that, during my Master studies ten years ago, it was very challenging for me to understand the purpose of creating those kinds of multi-level landscape maps, while elderly university lecturers were still teaching about them,” says Dr. Hristina Prodanova, the lead author of the study. “Later on in my practice, as an already experienced researcher in the ecosystem services field, I took the opportunity to test the hypothesis with my colleagues.”
“The integration of the traditional landscape approach with modern concepts such as ecosystem services has long been one of the main research problems in my work and I am happy that this problem has finally found its solution in this study with my younger colleagues” says Prof. Stoyan Nedkov, who was also part of the study.
Ecosystem services potential scores of the landscape types.
The results of the ES potential assessment at the landscape scale and the consequent analyses of the nature protection network enabled the authors to draw four main conclusions:
The landscapes with high conservation potential at the national level in the country are relatively well preserved by the existing nature protection network.
The character of this protection varies between the four landscape types with high conservation value, which is predefined by their size and location.
The Natura 2000 network is the only nature protection option for many landscape types, which appears a good option for areas with a mixture of highly cultivated areas and small natural habitats.
The landscapes with lower ES conservation potential are less presented in the protected areas, but in some cases, the lower ES potential does not fully correspond to low protection.
The latter is a sign of the need for further improvement of the methodology, especially in its ES assessment part.
Potential of the landscapes to provide ecosystem services at a national level (the landscapes with highest potential are highlighted).
The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is the longest-lasting institution in Bulgaria, celebrating its 155th anniversary in 2024. It is a direct successor of the Bulgarian Learned Society that was established in 1869 in Braila, Romania with the main purpose to disseminate knowledge among Bulgarians. More information about the history of BAS can be found here.
Research article:
Prodanova H, Nedkov S, Yordanov Y (2024) The old good landscape maps: New interpretations enabling ecosystem services assessment of conservation potential at a national scale. Nature Conservation 56: 223-242. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.56.132537
Originally conceived as a means to compare university library holdings, the journal impact factor (IF) concept is a bibliometric measure that quantifies citations at the journal level, and is used for assessment and ranking.
Exploring fungal diversity in the Garden Route district, South Africa. Shown is a species of Lentinus. Credit: Breyten Van Der Merwe.
However, IFs are often gratuitously commandeered for use in ranking individual research papers and even researchers according to perceived impact and importance. Surely, goes the rationale, this must be a time-efficient and data-informed way to obtain an objective ranking in the matter at hand. Over time, the IF concept has come to enjoy a level of decisiveness and mystique not permitted to any other research performance indicator.
“But are impact factors really a good measure of past scientific performance and future potential?” asks mycologist Henrik Nilsson of the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, the lead author of a study recently published in MycoKeys.
“Having served in one too many committees that handed out research funding to systematics and taxonomy on the primary, and sometimes exclusive, basis of impact factors, I felt that the time had come to find out. Simply taking IFs on faith as a performance indicator whose explanatory power is asserted by fiat alone seems deeply unsatisfactory and, frankly, not very scientific.”
Mushroom growing in a hole made by the plateau pika on the Tibetan Plateau. Credit: Sten Anslan.
Co-author Kessy Abarenkov of the University of Tartu Natural History Museum, Estonia continues, “We brought empirical data to bear on the matter in the form of two data streams for the period 2000-2021: the discovery of fungal species using DNA sequences and the description of new species of fungi.
“These data allowed us to assess whether IFs scale to mycological discovery potential – for instance, are new species of fungi primarily discovered in high-IF journals? Do journals with low IFs really add little, and journals without IFs nothing, to systematic mycology? Because that is what is assumed when candidates are ranked according to IFs.”
The proportion of species hypotheses whose initial discovery was reported in a journal without a formal IF (red) or with an IF below the mycological median (orange) over time. Credit: Nilsson et al.
The study found no meaningful correlation between IFs and mycological discovery potential. On the contrary, for the last 10 years, the majority of new fungal species were discovered and described in journals with IFs well below the mycological median. Species discovered by molecular means were subsequently recovered in journals of increasingly higher IFs, suggesting that taxonomic results find broader, high-IF use in the mycological community and beyond in a way not usually considered when assessing the impact of taxonomic contributions.
To some extent, different groups of fungi were targeted in high-IF journals compared to low-IF journals, hinting that attempts at suppressing low-IF research are tantamount to advocating an intentionally incomplete view of the fungal kingdom.
Using a trained dog to pinpoint subterranean fungal diversity in south-eastern Sweden. Credit: Alexandra Dombrowski.
“But what resonated the most with me,” co-author Christian Wurzbacher of the Technical University of Munich chips in, “was the large proportion of fungi that were discovered and described entirely outside the IF system. Various national and regional mycological societies and their outlets spring to mind.
“These journals are often dismissed or patronized when candidates and proposals are evaluated, but our study shows that they certainly punch far above their perceived weight. It feels good to lend voice to all the hard work that’s behind these journals and their studies but that is not accorded the clout that is should.”
The study submits that funding agencies and hiring committees that insist on upholding IFs as a central funding and recruitment criterion in systematic mycology should consider using indicators such as research quality, productivity, outreach activities, review services for scientific journals, and teaching ability directly rather than using publication in high-IF journals as a proxy for these indicators. Such an approach would clearly be much more time-consuming, a dilemma to which the study offers no other remedial measure than letting the evaluation step take the time that it needs.
Sampling aquatic fungal diversity in a peat lake in northern Germany. Credit: Alice Retter.
Co-author Alice Retter of the Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology, Germany concludes, “I would say that IFs in systematic mycology demand more explanation than they provide. The trust reposed in IFs in systematic mycology seems largely misplaced and, in fact, often directly counterproductive. I hope that the mycological community will continue to break ranks and colour outside the lines, because for us, the IF concept is a performance indicator of the kind that impoverishes.”
Original source
Nilsson RH, Jansson AT, Wurzbacher C, Anslan S, Belford P, Corcoll N, Dombrowski A, Ghobad-Nejhad M, Gustavsson M, Gómez-Martínez D, Kalsoom Khan F, Khomich M, Lennartsdotter C, Lund D, Van Der Merwe B, Mikryukov V, Peterson M, Porter TM, Põlme S, Retter A, Sanchez-Garcia M, Svantesson S, Svedberg P, Vu D, Ryberg M, Abarenkov K, Kristiansson E (2024) 20 years of bibliometric data illustrates a lack of concordance between journal impact factor and fungal species discovery in systematic mycology. MycoKeys 110: 273-285. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.110.136048
Dr. Ana Novoa Perez, Prof. Tammy Robinson, Prof. Phil Hulme and Dr. Andrew (“Sandy”) Liebhold will join forces to bring a wealth of expertise to NeoBiota.
NeoBiota, a leading peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to the study of alien species and biological invasions, announces the appointment of new Editors-in-Chief.
They have already begun working in close collaboration with Prof. Ingolf Kühn, who has been serving as Editor-in-Chief ever since the journal was founded in 2011. Throughout these years, he has played a pivotal role in establishing NeoBiota as a leading platform for invasion science, contributing to the journal’s growth and impact.
“After more than 13 years, I thought that it was time to hand the responsibilities for NeoBiota over to dedicated colleagues. We thought of our dream team, and fortunately, all agreed without hesitation.”
Covering both an extensive range of invasion science fields and a wide international representation, this diverse editorial team will be looking to maintain NeoBiota‘s reputation as a leading outlet in its field and expand its global reach and impact.
Today, NeoBiota is one of the most prominent open-access journals in biological invasions, with a Journal Impact Factor of 3.8 and a Scopus CiteScore of 8.1 for 2023. Currently, the journal ranks 11th in the Biodiversity Conservation category on Web of Science and 9th in the Ecological Modelling category on Scopus.
Meet the editors
Dr. Ana Novoa is a scientist at the Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZA-CSIC) in Spain and the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Her research explores the socioecological factors influencing the invasion and management of alien species, with a particular interest in the human and social dimensions of biological invasions. She is also Secretary of the European Group on Biological Invasions (NEOBIOTA).
“I’m honored to collaborate with Ingolf, Tammy, Phil and Sandy in guiding the journal forward,” said Ana. “I look forward to supporting innovative research across the diverse aspects of invasion science.”
Prof. Tammy Robinson holds a Research Chair at the Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. She is a marine invasion biologist with an ecological background, an interest in evidence-based management of alien species, and a focus on protected areas. She is an associate member of INVASIVESNET, the global network of networks on invasive species.
“I’m really excited about joining this dynamic team,” said Tammy. “I’m looking forward to fostering an increase in the number of aquatic papers that appear in NeoBiota.”
Prof. Philip Hulme is a Distinguished Professor of Plant Biosecurity at Lincoln University, New Zealand, and Director of the Centre for One Biosecurity Research, Analysis and Synthesis (COBRAS). His research focuses on predicting risks associated with plant invasions, examining traits of successful invasive species, identifying introduction pathways, assessing spread rates, evaluating habitat vulnerability, quantifying impacts, and predicting the influence of climate change on invasive species distributions. His work also includes broader assessments of biosecurity policy and implementation across the human, animal, plant and ecosystem sectors, emphasizing human perspectives, such as trade and economic impacts. Having authored, reviewed, and edited numerous papers in NeoBiota, he was also one of the people behind the journal’s foundation.
“Having been involved with the journal since its foundation it is a real pleasure to have the opportunity to shape its future and continue the amazing work Ingolf has undertaken to ensure NeoBiota is THE leading biological invasions journal in the world”.
“I am excited about being part of the NeoBiota editorial team and look forward to working with my colleagues to continue the journal’s high level of excellence and advance the field of invasion biology.”
Meet the NeoBiota journal
Founded in 2011 after participants at the 6th NEOBIOTA conference in Copenhagen agreed that a new international, open-access, peer-reviewed journal would definitely benefit the research community, and published by Pensoft Publishers, NeoBiota focuses on the mechanisms and consequences of biological invasions across all disciplines.
Featuring research on the ecology, evolution, biogeography and human and social dimensions of biological invasions, the journal is committed to publishing high-quality research on the introduction, establishment, spread, and management of invasive alien species worldwide. As biological invasions pose a set of social, legal, and policy challenges, NeoBiota is keen on exploring how they can be managed and controlled.
The open-access journal prides itself on a rapid publication process, typically completing publication within 1-2 weeks after a manuscript’s acceptance. NeoBiota also supports advanced data publishing workflows, strongly encouraging open data publication. This commitment to open access and rapid publication, combined with a broad, interdisciplinary scope, makes it a leading journal in the field of invasion science.
“The onboarding of additional well-renowned Editors-in-chief at NeoBiota promises a dynamic new chapter for the journal. There is no doubt that the team’s diverse expertise and commitment to open science will set the journal on a positive trajectory as one of the leading academic outlets in invasion science,” said Prof. Lyubomir Penev, CEO and founder of Pensoft.
Researchers studying the distribution of species need information about where the plant or animal species in question occurs. This usually requires a field study, which is costly, time-consuming and often CO2-intensive. In addition, not all locations where species occur are accessible to humans, such as high mountain areas. As a result, the full range of species is often not covered and the availability of species information is a major challenge for ecological research.
Social media and citizen science projects offer a great potential to increase this availability. Citizen science refers to the involvement of non-experts in scientific projects. In the case of ecological studies, for example, this is the sampling of species occurrences. Thanks to smartphones – capable of capturing high-quality photos and recording precise locations – the ability to gather and share species information has grown significantly. It’s quite simple: take a photo, save the coordinates, upload it, and researchers can use this data to map species distributions. User-friendly platforms or Apps like iNaturalist have become invaluable for this purpose, enabling researchers and citizen scientists to share and utilize occurrence data to advance ecological understanding.
Process of species occurrence data sampling by citizen science projects.
Although some people are interested in and help with such projects, they do not yet reach a broad mass of people. In our study, we explore the potential of the social media platform Instagram, which is one of the largest social media platforms with 2 billion users worldwide and millions of daily uploads. We hypothesize that even more species occurrence data is being generated on this platform, often without users realising its scientific value.
We searched for Instagram posts from 2021 to 2022 in which the tree species Nothofagus pumilio and the location of the photo can be identified. The deciduous species N. pumilio occurs at the treeline in the southern Andes. The species’ vibrant orange-red autumn colouring, in combination to spectacular landscapes, makes it a popular photo motif for tourists, hikers, and locals alike resulting in numerous Instagram posts. Because treelines are often sensitive to climate change, studying the distribution and dynamics of this species is of particular interest.
Nothofagus pumilio at Mount Fitz Roy, Patagonia (Marina Zvada, 2024 available at:https://unsplash.com/de/fotos/blick-auf-ein-gebirge-in-der-ferne-vMoLf1OrB-k?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash)
Our study began by searching Instagram for specific hashtags related to the species (#nothofaguspumilio and #lenga), as well as for locations through location tags, hashtags, and descriptions within posts. This approach allowed us to identify as many images with N. pumilio as possible, even if the users were unaware of its presence.
To select suitable posts, we focused on those where the species could be clearly identified, the location was described, and landscape elements (e.g. mountains, waterbodies, glaciers, urban and tourist area) are visible in the image, that could also be recognised in satellite imagery. For each post, we mapped at least one point at the location where the photo was taken. Additionally, we included occurrences of N. pumilio visible in the background, such as autumn-coloured treelines. This approach ensured a more comprehensive and evenly distributed sampling of the species’ range. The next image illustrates the sampling process of a post captured at Laguna Capri with Mount Fitz Roy in the background.
Suitable Instagram post (fernando.v.fotografia, 2022, left) and four transferred points with landscape elements (red boxes, right) that helped to identify the location, which is also described in the post with location tag and post caption.
In this way, we were able to generate 1238 Instagram ground truthing points. These points can be directly used in ecological studies. However, it is important to note that our Instagram ground truthing points, like most citizen science data, is spatially biased. This means that locations can only be captured where people have access, leaving remote or high-altitude areas unrepresented.
For this reason, we added a remote sensing method to our study. As this deciduous species forms mono-species forests at the treeline, it can also be identified in satellite imagery. The occurrence data obtained through supervised classification was then validated using the Instagram ground truthing points. This approach allows us to generate less-biased occurrence data for the species across its entire 2000 km latitudinal range.
All 1238 Instagram ground truthing points sampled by our approach (left) and the remote sensing result (right).
Participating in citizen science projects is an essential contribution to research. We encourage you to explore citizen science platforms such as iNaturalist, eBird, or naturgucker, and to include hashtags and detailed location descriptions – ideally with coordinates – when posting your holiday or everyday photos on Instagram. Every contribution helps!
Research article:
Werner M, Weidinger J, Böhner J, Schickhoff U, Bobrowski M (2024) Instagram data for validating Nothofagus pumilio distribution mapping in the Southern Andes: A novel ground truthing approach. Frontiers of Biogeography 17: e140606. https://doi.org/10.21425/fob.17.140606
The International Mycological Association (IMA)has partnered with Pensoft to transition its flagship journal IMA Fungus to the ARPHA publishing platform after the open-access scientific publisher and technology provider won the bid by the IMA’s Executive Committee, following the expiration of their contract with BioMed Central (BMC, part of Springer-Nature). Already accepting manuscripts on its new website, the first publications in IMA Fungus since the transfer are expected in January 2025.
The move comes in a series of milestones for the prestigious journal in 2024, which also saw the appointment of its new Editor-in-Chief, Prof. Dr. Marc Stadler of the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, who has recently started his presidency at the IMA Council.
Committed to advancing mycological research and ensuring free access to high-quality, peer-reviewed scientific content, while representing the interest of mycology and mycologists worldwide, IMA’s Executive Board is confident that the new collaboration will further improve and streamline the publication process at IMA Fungus, and build up on its reputation in the field.
ARPHA platform’s intuitive and integrated end-to-end publishing workflow is designed to simplify the publication process for authors, reviewers, and editors. From submission to publication, automated full-text export to scientific databases and permanent hosting, all steps will be consolidated within a single, user-friendly interface, resulting in faster review cycles and more efficient communication between all parties involved. In addition to its signature publishing technology, Pensoft is providing IMA Fungus with various human-provided services, including help desk, design, science communication, marketing and journal development support.
Today, IMA Fungus boasts an impressive Scopus CiteScore and Journal Impact Factor, standing at 11.0 and 5.2 respectively. It ranks 6th in the Mycology category on Web of Science.
Since day one, IMA Fungus has been mandated as the only journal in which formal proposals relating to the rules on the naming of fungi or protected lists of names are to be published under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants. Its scope covers all areas of mycology of interest to the wider mycological community, from basic to applied research.
“I am happy that we could get some of the most experienced editors to join us to the new publisher. Likewise, I am glad that many proficient young scientists from around the world, including most of the recent winners of the IMA Young Mycologist Award, joined our interdisciplinary editor panel.”
Prof. Dr. Marc Stadler, commenting on the latest news about IMA Fungus.
“It is a great honour to welcome IMA Fungus to the ARPHA family. We look forward to working with the International Mycological Association and helping to further advance their prestigious journal.”
Prof. Dr. Lyubomir Penev, Pensoft’s founder and CEO.
To learn more about IMA Fungus or submit your manuscript, visit the journal’s newly launched website. Previous issues of the journal are available here.
To stay up-to-date with its new publication, sign up for its Email Alert newsletter from the journal’s homepage, and follow it on X and Facebook.
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About Pensoft:
Pensoft is an independent, open-access scholarly publisher and technology provider, best known for its 40+ biodiversity journals, including ZooKeys, Biodiversity Data Journal, PhytoKeys, MycoKeys, One Ecosystem and Metabarcoding and Metagenomics. Ever since becoming the first publisher to introduce semantic enrichments and hyperlinks within a scientific article in the field of biodiversity in 2010, Pensoft has been working on various tools and workflows designed to facilitate data findability, accessibility, discoverability and interoperability.
About ARPHA:
ARPHA is a full-featured, open-access publishing platform for scholarly journals, books, data and conference outputs, developed by the scientific publisher and technology developer Pensoft. Clients are provided with a software solution as well as a range of relevant human-provided services. Standing for Authoring, Reviewing, Publishing, Hosting and Archiving, ARPHA offers a wide range of tailorable services to publishers, societies, university presses, conference organisers and other academic institutions to provide them with a full-featured and all-rounded publishing experience, thereby saving them the extra efforts and unnecessary hassle of dealing with multiple vendors and service providers.
About the International Mycological Association:
The International Mycological Association, founded in 1971, represents the interests of over 30,000 mycologists worldwide. It is a non-for-profit organisation, the purpose of which is the encouragement of mycology in all its branches. This implies that the IMA should strive to promote mycology in its widest sense.
IMA Fungus is the flagship journal of the International Mycological Association. Papers on any aspect of mycology are considered, and published on-line with final pagination after proofs are corrected; taxonomic novelties are then effectively and validly published under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. The journal strongly supports good practice policies, and requires voucher specimens or cultures to be deposited in a public collection with an online database, DNA sequences in GenBank, alignments in TreeBASE, and validating information on new scientific names, including typifications, to be accessioned in MycoBank.
MycoBank is the online repository and nomenclatural registry provided in collaboration between the International Mycological Association and the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute. It provides a free service to the mycological and scientific society by databasing mycological nomenclatural novelties (new names and combinations) and associated data, such as descriptions, illustrations and DNA barcodes. Nomenclatural novelties are each allocated a unique MycoBank number to be cited in the publication where the nomenclatural novelty is introduced, to conform with the requirements of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants.
One third of Vietnam’s 329 mammal species are threatened with extinction, according to a recent study published in our open-access journal Nature Conservation.
Conducted by German scientist Hanna Höffner of the University of Cologne and Cologne Zoo, alongside an international team, the research underscores Vietnam’s vital but fragile position as a biodiversity hub within the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot.
The study reveals that 112 mammal species in Vietnam face extinction, despite most being found in at least one protected area. Some micro-endemic species, such as the Da Lat tube-nosed bat (Murina harpioloides), are particularly vulnerable as they are not present in any protected sites.
Murina harpioloides. Credit: Son Truong Nguyen.Hipposideros alongensis. Credit: Son Truong Nguyen.
Around 40% of the threatened species lack ex situ conservation (zoo conservation breeding) programs, which increases their risk of extinction. Iconic species like the saola (Pseudoryx vuquangensis), the silver-backed chevrotain (Tragulus versicolor), and the large-antlered muntjac (Muntiacus vuquangensis) are among the Critically Endangered taxa at risk.
The study advocates for the IUCN‘s “One Plan Approach” to species conservation, which calls for combining different expertise and integrated in situ and ex situ management strategies. Establishing assurance colonies in zoos and increasing connectivity between isolated protected areas are critical recommendations for safeguarding Vietnam’s unique mammal diversity.
A gaur (Bos gaurus) in Vietnam.
By building up ex situ populations for threatened taxa, zoos can help to literally “buy time” and act as modern arks that can contribute with later releases according to the IUCN’s “Reverse the Red” conservation campaign. Ex situ species holding data by Species360 are now also integrated in the IUCN Red List species’ chapters (a “One Plan” approach to species data).
Ex situ preservation of threatened Vietnamese mammals worldwide.
Vietnam is home to a rich array of mammals, including 36 endemic species and nine micro-endemic taxa. Its primate fauna is particularly noteworthy, with 28 species, the highest number in mainland Southeast Asia. This includes the endemic tonkin snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus) and Delacour’s langur (Trachypithecus delacouri).
Northern Vietnam and the Annamite Mountain Range are biodiversity hotspots, hosting species such as the Critically Endangered Cao-vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus), the southern white-cheeked gibbon (Nomascus siki) and the red-shanked douc (Pygathrix nemaeus).
A red-shanked douc (Pygathrix nemaeus).
The study calls for prioritising the “One Plan Approach” to conservation of highly threatened species, reassessing Data Deficient species, and enhancing habitat connectivity.
VIETNAMAZING logo.
The conservation campaign VIETNAMAZING by EAZA (European Association of Zoos and Aquaria) currently highlights Vietnam’s biodiversity treasure and advocates for improved conservation of threatened mammal species.
Original study
Höffner H, Nguyen ST, Dang PH, Motokawa M, Oshida T, Rödder D, Nguyen TQ, Le MD, Bui HT, Ziegler T (2024) Conservation priorities for threatened mammals of Vietnam: Implementation of the IUCN´s One Plan Approach. Nature Conservation 56: 161-180. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.56.128129
