First Bulgarian DNA barcoding symposium brought over 120 researchers

The symposium took place on 5 December 2025 at the Headquarters of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, organised by the Bulgarian Barcode of Life.

The first national symposium on DNA barcoding took place on 5 December 2025 at the Headquarters of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, where it was attended by renowned Bulgarian scientists in the field, in addition to early-career researchers and PhD students representing different institutions.

The event was organised by the Bulgarian Barcode of Life (BgBOL): a national node, part of the International Barcode of Life, which was established in October 2023 by  the Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics (BAS), Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, National Museum of Natural History (BAS), Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, AgroBioInstitute (Agricultural Academy), University of Forestry, and Pensoft in its role of a scientific publisher and tech innovator well-known in the field of biodiversity science.

The event saw a day-long series of lectures and a poster session, during which the participants had the opportunity to get acquainted with the work of their colleagues in various fields of biology. 

Amongst the topics were the development of the Bulgarian molecular laboratory in Antarctica; the study of the invertebrate fauna currently underrepresented in DNA reference libraries; the return of the beaver to Bulgaria; and research on phytopathogenic fungi on agricultural crops.

During the coffee breaks sponsored by the National Museum of Natural History, the delegates had the chance to network and exchange experience between institutions and fields of expertise.

Teodor Georgiev, CTO at Pensoft held a presentation about the 2.0 version of the ARPHA Writing Tool. In its greatly improved version it will feature many new, improved and elaborated workflows that help and simplify data publishing, discoverability, reusability and overall FAIRness. 

The event was opened and closed by Prof. Dr. Lyubomir Penev, who last year was elected as the Chair of the Governing Board at the Bulgarian Barcode of Life. He is also the founder and CEO of Pensoft.

In his closing speech, Penev expressed his hopes for the development of BgBOL and confirmed the plans of the consortium to turn the symposium into an annual tradition. Congratulations were extended to BgBOL’s newest member: the Institute of Oceanology “Fridtjof Nansen” at BAS. 

He also announced the launch of a new special collection in the Biodiversity Data Journal, which will welcome scientific papers related to the Bulgarian and Balkan biota and using DNA barcoding methods. The authors of the first five papers to be submitted and accepted at the collection will take advantage of free publication.

Finally, he thanked the hosts of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Headquarters: Stefania Kamenova and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Georgi Bonchev, who are also Vice-Chair and Chair of the Executive Board at BgBOL, respectively. A special thanks went also to Prof. Pavel Stoev, Director of the National Museum of Natural History.

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You can visit the website of the Bulgarian Barcode of Life (BgBOL) at https://bgbol.org/en and follow the BgBOL consortium on Facebook.

Newly established Bulgarian Barcode of Life to support biodiversity conservation in the country

Natural History Collections and Museomics launches with its inaugural editorial

Pensoft has officially launched its latest Diamond Open Access journal, Natural History Collections and Museomics (NHCM), with the publication of its inaugural editorial.

Titled “Enlighten the Marvels: A New Journal Dedicated to Natural History Museums, Collections, and Their Role in Interpreting a Changing World,” the article outlines the journal’s mission to address gaps in research and practice in the field of natural history collections.

Penosft stand at a conference with a large poster promoting Natural History Collecions and Museomics.
Natural History Collections and Museomics promoted by Pensoft at the 2024 International Congress of Entomology in Kyoto, Japan.

Editors-in-Chief Dr. Franco Andreone, Prof. Shuqiang Li, Dr. Shelley James and Deborah Paul penned the editorial alongside Pensoft’s CEO and founder Prof. Lyubomir Penev and COO Prof. Pavel Stoev. Their contribution builds on the recent official announcement of the journal’s launch on the ARPHA Platform.

The new journal, the editorial team writes, aims to tap the potential of natural history collections to confront global challenges such as climate change, habitat loss, invasive species, and zoonotic diseases.

“[Natural history museums] need visible allies, and we call for other disciplines, university departments, industry and governments to stand up and actively support the care and development of collections and the collective expertise and data connected across them,” reads the editorial. 

“Modern technologies and the rapid development of science make it possible to apply new transformative methods and approaches to the study of collection materials, which may reveal important information from an innovative and evolutionary point of view.”

Supported by CETAF (Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities), Europe’s leading voice for taxonomy and systematic biology, NHCM encourages interdisciplinary approaches and collaborations across fields such as taxonomy, conservation, education, ethics, and museum studies.  

Read the editorial in full here.

Submissions to the journal are open, and the first articles will be published in 2025. Researchers, scholars, and practitioners are invited to contribute. 

For more information and submission guidelines, please visit the Natural History Collections and Museomics website.You can also follow the journal on X, Facebook and Bluesky.

Old landscape maps provide valuable information about ecosystem services assessment of conservation potential

“Traditionally theoretical landscape works can support practical tasks like nature conservation through the ecosystem services mapping and assessment.”

Guest blog post by Hristina Prodanova, Stoyan Nedkov, and Yordan Yordanov

In a recent study, geography researchers from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences have demonstrated that the old landscape maps typically produced during mid-late 20th century in the former USSR and Eastern Europe can actually provide valuable information for modern nature conservation purposes. “Our study in Nature Conservation evidences that traditionally theoretical landscape works can support practical tasks like nature conservation through ecosystem services mapping and assessment,” says the lead author Dr. Hristina Prodanova.

Conceptual scheme of the study.

In this study, the authors developed and applied an approach that enabled them to transform the paper-copy information from old landscape maps to GIS data that is appropriate for assessing ecosystem services (ES) at a landscape scale. The assessment of ES conservation potential using the national scale landscape mapping allows them to analyze the spatial relationships between the landscapes with high conservation value and the existing nature protection network in Bulgaria as a case study country.

The conceptual scheme of the study demonstrates how the results of the ES potential provided by the natural heritage (NH) at a national level can be combined with the landscape units from the traditional landscape classification schemes to produce various spatial and statistical metrics.  Thus, they can reveal how the national system of protected areas coincides with the areas of high ES conservation value.

Potential of the natural heritage to provide ecosystem services for nature conservation.

Scientists from different countries have different perceptions of landscape, its definitions, mapping, and classification system. National landscape mappings use different sources of information and criteria for landscape units’ delineation and classification, for example data, on national boundaries and current land use in Germany and landscape character area in the United Kingdom. In Bulgaria, landscape works are predominantly based on the geosystem concept, which defines the landscape as “a specific geographical area forming a system of natural components (rock, soil, air, water, vegetation, and animals), which is changing in time under both natural factors and human activities.

The authors of the study say that landscape research from Eastern European countries, and Bulgaria in particular, has generally hardly been communicated with the international audience, and the lack of publications in English language on theoretical aspects of landscape mapping proves it. Their study contributes to filling this gap, while building a bridge between landscape research from the  Eastern and Western world to solve modern research questions.

Distribution of the protected areas per landscape and those with highest conservation potential. Description of the landscape types A hilly subtropical humid B plain and hilly mediterranean semi-humid V plain and hilly submediterranean semi-humid G plain submediterranean semi-arid D plain and hilly warm-temperate semi-humid Е plain and hilly semi-arid Zh foothills and hilly warm-temperate humid Z plain and hilly temperate semi-humid I plain semi-arid K hydromorphic and subhydromorphic L mountain subtropical humid М mountain submediterranean N mountain warm-temperate semi-humid O mountain temperate humid R mountain cold-temperate humid S high-mountain grassland.

“I am very glad that we succeeded in proving our hypothesis that the old-fashioned landscape maps may have a practical application in modern research. I remember very well that, during my Master studies ten years ago, it was very challenging for me to understand  the purpose of creating those kinds of multi-level landscape maps, while elderly university lecturers were still teaching about them,” says Dr. Hristina Prodanova, the lead author of the study. “Later on in my practice, as an already experienced researcher in the ecosystem services field, I took the opportunity to test the hypothesis with my colleagues.”

“The integration of the traditional landscape approach with modern concepts such as ecosystem services has long been one of the main research problems in my work and I am happy that this problem has finally found its solution in this study with my younger colleagues” says Prof. Stoyan Nedkov, who was also part of the study.

Ecosystem services potential scores of the landscape types.

The results of the ES potential assessment at the landscape scale and the consequent analyses of the nature protection network enabled the authors to draw four main conclusions:

  • The landscapes with high conservation potential at the national level in the country are relatively well preserved by the existing nature protection network.
  • The character of this protection varies between the four landscape types with high conservation value, which is predefined by their size and location.
  • The Natura 2000 network is the only nature protection option for many landscape types, which appears a good option for areas with a mixture of highly cultivated areas and small natural habitats.
  • The landscapes with lower ES conservation potential are less presented in the protected areas, but in some cases, the lower ES potential does not fully correspond to low protection.

The latter is a sign of the need for further improvement of the methodology, especially in its ES assessment part.

Potential of the landscapes to provide ecosystem services at a national level (the landscapes with highest potential are highlighted).

The author team consists of geographers specializing in landscape ecology, ecosystem services and GIS—Assist. Prof. Hristina Prodanova, Prof. Stoyan Nedkov, and PhD student Yordan Yordanov. All of them are affiliated with the National Institute of Geophysics, Geodesy and Geography at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (NIGGG-BAS).

The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences is the longest-lasting institution in Bulgaria, celebrating its 155th anniversary in 2024. It is a direct successor of the Bulgarian Learned Society that was established in 1869 in Braila, Romania with the main purpose to disseminate knowledge among Bulgarians. More information about the history of BAS can be found here.

Research article:

Prodanova H, Nedkov S, Yordanov Y (2024) The old good landscape maps: New interpretations enabling ecosystem services assessment of conservation potential at a national scale. Nature Conservation 56: 223-242. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.56.132537

Should we rely on journal impact factors in systematics and taxonomy?

Probably not, a new mycology-focused study finds.

Guest blog post by Henrik Nilsson.

Originally conceived as a means to compare university library holdings, the journal impact factor (IF) concept is a bibliometric measure that quantifies citations at the journal level, and is used for assessment and ranking.

Mushrooms growing on a tree branch.
Exploring fungal diversity in the Garden Route district, South Africa. Shown is a species of Lentinus. Credit: Breyten Van Der Merwe.

However, IFs are often gratuitously commandeered for use in ranking individual research papers and even researchers according to perceived impact and importance. Surely, goes the rationale, this must be a time-efficient and data-informed way to obtain an objective ranking in the matter at hand. Over time, the IF concept has come to enjoy a level of decisiveness and mystique not permitted to any other research performance indicator.

“But are impact factors really a good measure of past scientific performance and future potential?” asks mycologist Henrik Nilsson of the University of Gothenburg, Sweden, the lead author of a study recently published in MycoKeys.

“Having served in one too many committees that handed out research funding to systematics and taxonomy on the primary, and sometimes exclusive, basis of impact factors, I felt that the time had come to find out. Simply taking IFs on faith as a performance indicator whose explanatory power is asserted by fiat alone seems deeply unsatisfactory and, frankly, not very scientific.”

Mushroom growing in a hole in the ground.
Mushroom growing in a hole made by the plateau pika on the Tibetan Plateau. Credit: Sten Anslan.

Co-author Kessy Abarenkov of the University of Tartu Natural History Museum, Estonia continues, “We brought empirical data to bear on the matter in the form of two data streams for the period 2000-2021: the discovery of fungal species using DNA sequences and the description of new species of fungi.

“These data allowed us to assess whether IFs scale to mycological discovery potential – for instance, are new species of fungi primarily discovered in high-IF journals? Do journals with low IFs really add little, and journals without IFs nothing, to systematic mycology? Because that is what is assumed when candidates are ranked according to IFs.”

The proportion of species hypotheses whose initial discovery was reported in a journal without a formal IF (red) or with an IF below the mycological median (orange) over time. Credit: Nilsson et al.

The study found no meaningful correlation between IFs and mycological discovery potential. On the contrary, for the last 10 years, the majority of new fungal species were discovered and described in journals with IFs well below the mycological median. Species discovered by molecular means were subsequently recovered in journals of increasingly higher IFs, suggesting that taxonomic results find broader, high-IF use in the mycological community and beyond in a way not usually considered when assessing the impact of taxonomic contributions.

To some extent, different groups of fungi were targeted in high-IF journals compared to low-IF journals, hinting that attempts at suppressing low-IF research are tantamount to advocating an intentionally incomplete view of the fungal kingdom.

Mushroom held in a hand in the foreground, and a small dog with a crouching person in the background.
A person crouching with a small dog in a forest.
Using a trained dog to pinpoint subterranean fungal diversity in south-eastern Sweden. Credit: Alexandra Dombrowski.

“But what resonated the most with me,” co-author Christian Wurzbacher of the Technical University of Munich chips in, “was the large proportion of fungi that were discovered and described entirely outside the IF system. Various national and regional mycological societies and their outlets spring to mind.

“These journals are often dismissed or patronized when candidates and proposals are evaluated, but our study shows that they certainly punch far above their perceived weight. It feels good to lend voice to all the hard work that’s behind these journals and their studies but that is not accorded the clout that is should.”

The study submits that funding agencies and hiring committees that insist on upholding IFs as a central funding and recruitment criterion in systematic mycology should consider using indicators such as research quality, productivity, outreach activities, review services for scientific journals, and teaching ability directly rather than using publication in high-IF journals as a proxy for these indicators. Such an approach would clearly be much more time-consuming, a dilemma to which the study offers no other remedial measure than letting the evaluation step take the time that it needs.

A woman working with fungi in a lab.
two people on a boat on a lake.
Sampling aquatic fungal diversity in a peat lake in northern Germany. Credit: Alice Retter.

Co-author Alice Retter of the Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology, Germany concludes, “I would say that IFs in systematic mycology demand more explanation than they provide. The trust reposed in IFs in systematic mycology seems largely misplaced and, in fact, often directly counterproductive. I hope that the mycological community will continue to break ranks and colour outside the lines, because for us, the IF concept is a performance indicator of the kind that impoverishes.”

Original source

Nilsson RH, Jansson AT, Wurzbacher C, Anslan S, Belford P, Corcoll N, Dombrowski A, Ghobad-Nejhad M, Gustavsson M, Gómez-Martínez D, Kalsoom Khan F, Khomich M, Lennartsdotter C, Lund D, Van Der Merwe B, Mikryukov V, Peterson M, Porter TM, Põlme S, Retter A, Sanchez-Garcia M, Svantesson S, Svedberg P, Vu D, Ryberg M, Abarenkov K, Kristiansson E (2024) 20 years of bibliometric data illustrates a lack of concordance between journal impact factor and fungal species discovery in systematic mycology. MycoKeys 110: 273-285. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.110.136048

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New Editors-in-Chief join the lead at invasion science journal NeoBiota

Dr. Ana Novoa Perez, Prof. Tammy Robinson, Prof. Phil Hulme and Dr. Andrew (“Sandy”) Liebhold will join forces to bring a wealth of expertise to NeoBiota.

NeoBiota, a leading peer-reviewed, open-access journal dedicated to the study of alien species and biological invasions, announces the appointment of new Editors-in-Chief. 

The new leadership team sees Dr. Ana Novoa Perez, Prof. Tammy Robinson, Prof. Phil Hulme and Dr. Andrew (“Sandy”) Liebhold join forces to bring a wealth of expertise to NeoBiota. 

They have already begun working in close collaboration with Prof. Ingolf Kühn, who has been serving as Editor-in-Chief ever since the journal was founded in 2011. Throughout these years, he has played a pivotal role in establishing NeoBiota as a leading platform for invasion science, contributing to the journal’s growth and impact. 

Cover of The economic costs of biological invasions around the world, one of NeoBiota’s most successful special issues

“After more than 13 years, I thought that it was time to hand the responsibilities for NeoBiota over to dedicated colleagues. We thought of our dream team, and fortunately, all agreed without hesitation.”

Covering both an extensive range of invasion science fields and a wide international representation, this diverse editorial team will be looking to maintain NeoBiota‘s reputation as a leading outlet in its field and expand its global reach and impact.

Today, NeoBiota is one of the most prominent open-access journals in biological invasions, with a Journal Impact Factor of 3.8 and a Scopus CiteScore of 8.1 for 2023. Currently, the journal ranks 11th in the Biodiversity Conservation category on Web of Science and 9th in the Ecological Modelling category on Scopus.

Meet the editors

Dr. Ana Novoa is a scientist at the Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZA-CSIC) in Spain and the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Her research explores the socioecological factors influencing the invasion and management of alien species, with a particular interest in the human and social dimensions of biological invasions. She is also Secretary of the European Group on Biological Invasions (NEOBIOTA).

“I’m honored to collaborate with Ingolf, Tammy, Phil and Sandy in guiding the journal forward,” said Ana. “I look forward to supporting innovative research across the diverse aspects of invasion science.”

Prof. Tammy Robinson holds a Research Chair at the Centre for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. She is a marine invasion biologist with an ecological background, an interest in evidence-based management of alien species, and a focus on protected areas. She is an associate member of INVASIVESNET, the global network of networks on invasive species. 

“I’m really excited about joining this dynamic team,” said Tammy. “I’m looking forward to fostering an increase in the number of aquatic papers that appear in NeoBiota.”

Prof. Philip Hulme is a Distinguished Professor of Plant Biosecurity at Lincoln University, New Zealand, and Director of the Centre for One Biosecurity Research, Analysis and Synthesis (COBRAS). His research focuses on predicting risks associated with plant invasions, examining traits of successful invasive species, identifying introduction pathways, assessing spread rates, evaluating habitat vulnerability, quantifying impacts, and predicting the influence of climate change on invasive species distributions. His work also includes broader assessments of biosecurity policy and implementation across the human, animal, plant and ecosystem sectors, emphasizing human perspectives, such as trade and economic impacts. Having authored, reviewed, and edited numerous papers in NeoBiota, he was also one of the people behind the journal’s foundation.

“Having been involved with the journal since its foundation it is a real pleasure to have the opportunity to shape its future and continue the amazing work Ingolf has undertaken to ensure NeoBiota is THE leading biological invasions journal in the world”.

Dr. Andrew “Sandy” Liebhold is a lead scientist with the Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, where he directs The Forest Risk Research Centre. He is also a Scientist Emeritus with the U.S. Forest Service. His research focuses on the macroecology, population ecology, community ecology, and management of insect invasions. He has received numerous awards, including the IUFRO Scientific Achievement Award and is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Entomological Society of America. 

“I am excited about being part of the NeoBiota editorial team and look forward to working with my colleagues to continue the journal’s high level of excellence and advance the field of invasion biology.”

Meet the NeoBiota journal

Founded in 2011 after participants at the 6th NEOBIOTA conference in Copenhagen agreed that a new international, open-access, peer-reviewed journal would definitely benefit the research community, and published by Pensoft Publishers, NeoBiota focuses  on the mechanisms and consequences of biological invasions across all disciplines.

Featuring research on the ecology, evolution, biogeography and human and social dimensions of biological invasions, the journal is committed to publishing high-quality research on the introduction, establishment, spread, and management of invasive alien species worldwide. As biological invasions pose a set of social, legal, and policy challenges, NeoBiota is keen on exploring how they can be managed and controlled.

New NeoBiota special issue: tackling invasive alien forest pests in Europe

The open-access journal prides itself on a rapid publication process, typically completing publication within 1-2 weeks after a manuscript’s acceptance. NeoBiota also supports advanced data publishing workflows, strongly encouraging open data publication. This commitment to open access and rapid publication, combined with a broad, interdisciplinary scope, makes it a leading journal in the field of invasion science. 

“The onboarding of additional well-renowned Editors-in-chief at NeoBiota promises a dynamic new chapter for the journal. There is no doubt that the team’s diverse expertise and commitment to open science will set the journal on a positive trajectory as one of the leading academic outlets in invasion science,” said Prof. Lyubomir Penev, CEO and founder of Pensoft.

How can social media users help researchers with ecological or biodiversity studies?

Images and videos on social media platforms like Instagram can help sample species occurrence data. Here’s how

Guest blog post by Melanie Werner

Researchers studying the distribution of species need information about where the plant or animal species in question occurs. This usually requires a field study, which is costly, time-consuming and often CO2-intensive. In addition, not all locations where species occur are accessible to humans, such as high mountain areas. As a result, the full range of species is often not covered and the availability of species information is a major challenge for ecological research.

Social media and citizen science projects offer a great potential to increase this availability. Citizen science refers to the involvement of non-experts in scientific projects. In the case of ecological studies, for example, this is the sampling of species occurrences. Thanks to smartphones – capable of capturing high-quality photos and recording precise locations – the ability to gather and share species information has grown significantly. It’s quite simple: take a photo, save the coordinates, upload it, and researchers can use this data to map species distributions. User-friendly platforms or Apps like iNaturalist have become invaluable for this purpose, enabling researchers and citizen scientists to share and utilize occurrence data to advance ecological understanding.

Process of species occurrence data sampling by citizen science projects.

Although some people are interested in and help with such projects, they do not yet reach a broad mass of people. In our study, we explore the potential of the social media platform Instagram, which is one of the largest social media platforms with 2 billion users worldwide and millions of daily uploads. We hypothesize that even more species occurrence data is being generated on this platform, often without users realising its scientific value.

We searched for Instagram posts from 2021 to 2022 in which the tree species Nothofagus pumilio and the location of the photo can be identified. The deciduous species N. pumilio occurs at the treeline in the southern Andes. The species’ vibrant orange-red autumn colouring, in combination to spectacular landscapes, makes it a popular photo motif for tourists, hikers, and locals alike resulting in numerous Instagram posts. Because treelines are often sensitive to climate change, studying the distribution and dynamics of this species is of particular interest.

Nothofagus pumilio at Mount Fitz Roy, Patagonia (Marina Zvada,  2024 available at: https://unsplash.com/de/fotos/blick-auf-ein-gebirge-in-der-ferne-vMoLf1OrB-k?utm_content=creditCopyText&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=unsplash)

Our study began by searching Instagram for specific hashtags related to the species (#nothofaguspumilio and #lenga), as well as for locations through location tags, hashtags, and descriptions within posts. This approach allowed us to identify as many images with N. pumilio as possible, even if the users were unaware of its presence.

To select suitable posts, we focused on those where the species could be clearly identified, the location was described, and landscape elements (e.g. mountains, waterbodies, glaciers, urban and tourist area) are visible in the image, that could also be recognised in satellite imagery. For each post, we mapped at least one point at the location where the photo was taken. Additionally, we included occurrences of N. pumilio visible in the background, such as autumn-coloured treelines. This approach ensured a more comprehensive and evenly distributed sampling of the species’ range. The next image illustrates the sampling process of a post captured at Laguna Capri with Mount Fitz Roy in the background.

Suitable Instagram post (fernando.v.fotografia, 2022, left) and four transferred points with landscape elements (red boxes, right) that helped to identify the location, which is also described in the post with location tag and post caption.

In this way, we were able to generate 1238 Instagram ground truthing points. These points can be directly used in ecological studies. However, it is important to note that our Instagram ground truthing points, like most citizen science data, is spatially biased. This means that locations can only be captured where people have access, leaving remote or high-altitude areas unrepresented.

For this reason, we added a remote sensing method to our study. As this deciduous species forms mono-species forests at the treeline, it can also be identified in satellite imagery. The occurrence data obtained through supervised classification was then validated using the Instagram ground truthing points. This approach allows us to generate less-biased occurrence data for the species across its entire 2000 km latitudinal range.

All 1238 Instagram ground truthing points sampled by our approach (left) and the remote sensing result (right).

Participating in citizen science projects is an essential contribution to research. We encourage you to explore citizen science platforms such as iNaturalist, eBird, or naturgucker, and to include hashtags and detailed location descriptions – ideally with coordinates – when posting your holiday or everyday photos on Instagram. Every contribution helps!

Research article:

Werner M, Weidinger J, Böhner J, Schickhoff U, Bobrowski M (2024) Instagram data for validating Nothofagus pumilio distribution mapping in the Southern Andes: A novel ground truthing approach. Frontiers of Biogeography 17: e140606. https://doi.org/10.21425/fob.17.140606

The International Mycological Association partners with Pensoft to move prestigious IMA Fungus to the ARPHA platform

The journal’s first publications following the transfer are expected in January 2025.

The International Mycological Association (IMA) has partnered with Pensoft to transition its flagship journal IMA Fungus to the ARPHA publishing platform after the open-access scientific publisher and technology provider won the bid by the IMA’s Executive Committee, following the expiration of their contract with BioMed Central (BMC, part of Springer-Nature). Already accepting manuscripts on its new website, the first publications in IMA Fungus since the transfer are expected in January 2025.

The move comes in a series of milestones for the prestigious journal in 2024, which also saw the appointment of its new Editor-in-Chief, Prof. Dr. Marc Stadler of the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, who has recently started his presidency at the IMA Council.

Committed to advancing mycological research and ensuring free access to high-quality, peer-reviewed scientific content, while representing the interest of mycology and mycologists worldwide, IMA’s Executive Board is confident that the new collaboration will further improve and streamline the publication process at IMA Fungus, and build up on its reputation in the field.

ARPHA platform’s intuitive and integrated end-to-end publishing workflow is designed to simplify the publication process for authors, reviewers, and editors. From submission to publication, automated full-text export to scientific databases and permanent hosting, all steps will be consolidated within a single, user-friendly interface, resulting in faster review cycles and more efficient communication between all parties involved. In addition to its signature publishing technology, Pensoft is providing IMA Fungus with various human-provided services, including help desk, design, science communication, marketing and journal development support. 

Founded in 2010 at the 9th International Mycological Congress in Edinburgh, IMA Fungus was first published by the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (an institute of the Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences, now Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute) until its move to BMC in 2018. Keeping up with tradition, the transfer of IMA Fungus to Pensoft and ARPHA was publicly announced at this year’s 12th  International Mycological Congress in Maastricht.

Today, IMA Fungus boasts an impressive Scopus CiteScore and Journal Impact Factor, standing at 11.0 and 5.2 respectively. It ranks 6th in the Mycology category on Web of Science.

Since day one, IMA Fungus has been mandated as the only journal in which formal proposals relating to the rules on the naming of fungi or protected lists of names are to be published under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants. Its scope covers all areas of mycology of interest to the wider mycological community, from basic to applied research.

“I am happy that we could get some of the most experienced editors to join us to the new publisher. Likewise, I am glad that many proficient young scientists from around the world, including most of the recent winners of the IMA Young Mycologist Award, joined our interdisciplinary editor panel.”

Prof. Dr. Marc Stadler, commenting on the latest news about IMA Fungus.

“It is a great honour to welcome IMA Fungus to the ARPHA family. We look forward to working with the International Mycological Association and helping to further advance their prestigious journal.”

Prof. Dr. Lyubomir Penev, Pensoft’s founder and CEO.

To learn more about IMA Fungus or submit your manuscript, visit the journal’s newly launched website. Previous issues of the journal are available here.

To stay up-to-date with its new publication, sign up for its Email Alert newsletter from the journal’s homepage, and follow it on X and Facebook.  

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About Pensoft:

Pensoft is an independent, open-access scholarly publisher and technology provider, best known for its 40+ biodiversity journals, including ZooKeys, Biodiversity Data Journal, PhytoKeys, MycoKeys, One Ecosystem and Metabarcoding and Metagenomics. Ever since becoming the first publisher to introduce semantic enrichments and hyperlinks within a scientific article in the field of biodiversity in 2010, Pensoft has been working on various tools and workflows designed to facilitate data findability, accessibility, discoverability and interoperability.

About ARPHA:

ARPHA is a full-featured, open-access publishing platform for scholarly journals, books, data and conference outputs, developed by the scientific publisher and technology developer Pensoft. Clients are provided with a software solution as well as a range of relevant human-provided services. Standing for Authoring, Reviewing, Publishing, Hosting and Archiving, ARPHA offers a wide range of tailorable services to publishers, societies, university presses, conference organisers and other academic institutions to provide them with a full-featured and all-rounded publishing experience, thereby saving them the extra efforts and unnecessary hassle of dealing with multiple vendors and service providers.

About the International Mycological Association:

The International Mycological Association, founded in 1971, represents the interests of over 30,000 mycologists worldwide. It is a non-for-profit organisation, the purpose of which is the encouragement of mycology in all its branches. This implies that the IMA should strive to promote mycology in its widest sense.

IMA Fungus is the flagship journal of the International Mycological Association. Papers on any aspect of mycology are considered, and published on-line with final pagination after proofs are corrected; taxonomic novelties are then effectively and validly published under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. The journal strongly supports good practice policies, and requires voucher specimens or cultures to be deposited in a public collection with an online database, DNA sequences in GenBank, alignments in TreeBASE, and validating information on new scientific names, including typifications, to be accessioned in MycoBank. 

MycoBank is the online repository and nomenclatural registry provided in collaboration between the International Mycological Association and the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute. It provides a free service to the mycological and scientific society by databasing mycological nomenclatural novelties (new names and combinations) and associated data, such as descriptions, illustrations and DNA barcodes. Nomenclatural novelties are each allocated a unique MycoBank number to be cited in the publication where the nomenclatural novelty is introduced, to conform with the requirements of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants.

One third of Vietnam’s mammals are at risk of extinction

Several iconic species face an uncertain future in the biodiversity hotspot.

One third of Vietnam’s 329 mammal species are threatened with extinction, according to a recent study published in our open-access journal Nature Conservation.

Conducted by German scientist Hanna Höffner of the University of Cologne and Cologne Zoo, alongside an international team, the research underscores Vietnam’s vital but fragile position as a biodiversity hub within the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot.

The study reveals that 112 mammal species in Vietnam face extinction, despite most being found in at least one protected area. Some micro-endemic species, such as the Da Lat tube-nosed bat (Murina harpioloides), are particularly vulnerable as they are not present in any protected sites. 

Close-up image of a bat's face.
Murina harpioloides. Credit: Son Truong Nguyen.
Close-up image of a bat's face.
Hipposideros alongensis. Credit: Son Truong Nguyen.

Around 40% of the threatened species lack ex situ conservation (zoo conservation breeding) programs, which increases their risk of extinction. Iconic species like the saola (Pseudoryx vuquangensis), the silver-backed chevrotain (Tragulus versicolor), and the large-antlered muntjac (Muntiacus vuquangensis) are among the Critically Endangered taxa at risk.

The study advocates for the IUCN‘s “One Plan Approach” to species conservation, which calls for combining different expertise and integrated in situ and ex situ management strategies. Establishing assurance colonies in zoos and increasing connectivity between isolated protected areas are critical recommendations for safeguarding Vietnam’s unique mammal diversity.

A gaur (Bos gaurus) in Vietnam.

By building up ex situ populations for threatened taxa, zoos can help to literally “buy time” and act as modern arks that can contribute with later releases according to the IUCN’s “Reverse the Red” conservation campaign. Ex situ species holding data by Species360 are now also integrated in the IUCN Red List species’ chapters (a “One Plan” approach to species data).

Ex situ preservation of threatened Vietnamese mammals worldwide.

Vietnam is home to a rich array of mammals, including 36 endemic species and nine micro-endemic taxa. Its primate fauna is particularly noteworthy, with 28 species, the highest number in mainland Southeast Asia. This includes the endemic tonkin snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus avunculus) and Delacour’s langur (Trachypithecus delacouri). 

Northern Vietnam and the Annamite Mountain Range are biodiversity hotspots, hosting species such as the Critically Endangered Cao-vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus), the southern white-cheeked gibbon (Nomascus siki) and the red-shanked douc (Pygathrix nemaeus).

A red-faced monkey in a tree.
A red-shanked douc (Pygathrix nemaeus).

The study calls for prioritising the “One Plan Approach” to conservation of highly threatened species, reassessing Data Deficient species, and enhancing habitat connectivity.

Logo with a monkey face and the text 'VIETNAMAZING. SAVE NATURE'.
VIETNAMAZING logo.

The conservation campaign VIETNAMAZING by EAZA (European Association of Zoos and Aquaria) currently highlights Vietnam’s biodiversity treasure and advocates for improved conservation of threatened mammal species.

Original study

Höffner H, Nguyen ST, Dang PH, Motokawa M, Oshida T, Rödder D, Nguyen TQ, Le MD, Bui HT, Ziegler T (2024) Conservation priorities for threatened mammals of Vietnam: Implementation of the IUCN´s One Plan Approach. Nature Conservation 56: 161-180. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.56.128129 

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The Shellowship of the Ring: two new snail species named after Tolkien characters

“You fool. No man can kill me,” said the Witch-king of Angmar.

“I am no man!” Éowyn replied, “I am a newly discovered freshwater snail species from Brazil!”

Okay, maybe that isn’t exactly how it goes – but it’s our way of letting you know that two newly discovered snail species have been named in honour of Éowyn and Meriadoc from The Lord of the Rings. 

Described in the open-access journal Zoosystematics and Evolution, Idiopyrgus eowynae and Idiopyrgus meriadoci were named by fans of J.R.R. Tolkien’s iconic series (who happen to also be successful researchers).

Multiple scientific photographs of a snail shell with thorn-like protrusions.
Idiopyrgus eowynae.

Explaining the name Idiopyrgus eowynae, they said: “Éowyn exemplifies courage, resilience, and resistance against darkness, both internal and external, standing against Gríma Wormtongue and the Witch-king of Angmar.”

The discovered species are troglobitic and were found in a single limestone cave in the Serra do Ramalho karst area of Bahia state, northeastern Brazil. The gastropods belong to the family Tomichiidae, a group previously known for inhabiting surface freshwater environments but now shown to have adapted to subterranean ecosystems.

Both snails have unique periostracal hairs—thorn-like structures—on their shells, a feature uncommon among Brazilian freshwater snails. Their cave-specific adaptations include reduced pigmentation, fragile shells, and small size.

Photographs of a fprest area and a cave entrance.
The Gruna do Pedro Cassiano cave, area and entrance.

The Gruna do Pedro Cassiano cave, where the snails were discovered, is a fragile ecosystem threatened by water extraction, deforestation, and climate change. Due to the species’ limited habitat and environmental threats to their subterranean ecosystem, the authors recommend a ‘Vulnerable’ classification. The findings highlight the importance of protecting Brazil’s subterranean biodiversity and raise concerns about the impact of human activities on these delicate ecosystems.

These concerns played a part in the naming of Idiopyrgus meriadoci, as the researchers state: “Besides standing with Éowyn against the Witch-king in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, Merry is also an example of the fight for nature conservation in Middle-earth, pushing the Ents into action and ultimately ending Saruman’s threat to Fangorn Forest.”

Multiple scientific photographs of a translucent snail shell.
Idiopyrgus meriadoci.

On his choice of Tolkien-inspired names for the new species, lead author Dr Rodrigo B. Salvador of the Finnish Museum of Natural History said: “I tend to use lots of pop culture references in my species names—from books, comics, Dungeons & Dragons, and video games. If we think about it, there is a long-standing tradition in taxonomy of using names from mythology and literature to name species.

“Granted, in the old days, those names mostly came from Greek and Roman myths and Shakespeare. Today, we have newer mythologies and literature classics, so in a way, we’re just continuing that tradition.”

Salvador was also resposible for naming a land snail after Shar of Dungeons and Dragons, and more recently Baldur’s Gate, fame. Read about it below!

Species new to science named after a ‘Dungeons & Dragons’ character

Original source

Salvador RB, Bichuette ME (2024) Idiopyrgus Pilsbry, 1911 (Gastropoda, Tomichiidae): a relict genus radiating into subterranean environments. Zoosystematics and Evolution 100(4): 1543-1556. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.136428

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Exploring the hidden treasures of Aziza Cave: A biodiversity hotspot in North Africa

Aziza Cave harbors a rich and diverse array of subterranean life that is only now beginning to be revealed widely.

Guest blog post by Marconi Souza-Silva

Beneath the arid pre-Saharan zone of Morocco lies Aziza Cave, also known as Kef Aziza or Tazouguert Cave. The vast subterranean system stretches over 3.5 kilometers of surveyed galleries, making it Morocco’s fifth-largest cave system and one of the top ten most extensive caves in North Africa.

A view of the Sahara desert and Aziza cave’s entrance.

Beyond its sheer size and geological significance, Aziza Cave harbors a rich and diverse array of subterranean life that is only now beginning to be revealed widely. In a recent study in the journal Subterranean Biology, researchers cataloged the subterranean fauna of Aziza Cave and provided a detailed checklist of 26 different taxa potentially representing cave-restricted species. Among these are 22 troglobitic species, organisms that have adapted to life entirely within the cave environment, and four stygobitic species, which have specially evolved to live in the cave’s groundwater.

Four of the authors of the paper.

The discovery of such a variety of species highlights the cave as a critical biodiversity hotspot, not only in Morocco but for the African continent as a whole. One alarming aspect of this discovery is the large number of species that still need to be thoroughly studied or described.

Dysdera caeca, a cave spider

Only about 34.6% of the species in Aziza Cave have been formally identified and described by scientists. Further research could lead to the identification and description of many new species. The fauna found in Aziza Cave includes a wide variety of life forms, with the richest groups being beetles (Coleoptera), spiders (Araneae), springtails (Entomobryomorpha), and woodlice (Isopoda). Some have evolved remarkable adaptations to their lightless, nutrient-scarce environment, such as reduced pigmentation, elongated appendages, and heightened sensory capabilities that help them navigate and survive in this extreme habitat.

Long-tailed bat Rhinopoma hardwickei.

Despite these discoveries, much of Aziza Cave remains unexplored. Large portions of this karstic system have yet to be surveyed, and researchers believe that the biodiversity uncovered so far is just the beginning. The cave’s unexplored depths likely hold many more secrets, including potentially new species that have yet to be seen by human eyes. This prospect has sparked great interest among speleologists and conservationists, who see Aziza Cave as an important research site for studying subterranean ecosystems.

Magnezia gardei, a cave isopod.

The biodiversity of Aziza Cave is something to celebrate, but it also sheds light on the significant conservation challenges that subterranean habitats in Morocco and across North Africa are facing. Caves are delicate ecosystems that are highly sensitive to changes in their environment. Human activities such as pollution, mining, deforestation, and unsustainable tourism pose severe threats to these ecosystems and the species that depend on them. Once these habitats are damaged or destroyed, it is often impossible to restore them, and the species that inhabit them may face extinction.

Graffiti on the cave walls.

Human-induced impacts have already begun to take their toll in Aziza Cave. Visitors can disrupt the delicate balance of the cave’s ecosystem, change water quality, or introduce pollutants and alien species. These pressures underscore the urgent need for conservation measures to protect this unique environment and its inhabitants. By highlighting the importance of Aziza Cave and similar habitats, the researchers hope to encourage further exploration and study of Africa’s subterranean ecosystems and develop effective conservation strategies to protect them. By protecting these fragile ecosystems and supporting scientific exploration, we can ensure that the incredible biodiversity of Aziza Cave and other subterranean habitats continues to thrive.

Research article:

Moutaouakil S, Souza-Silva M, Oliveira LF, Ghamizi M, Ferreira RL (2024) A cave with remarkably high subterranean diversity in Africa and its significance for biodiversity conservation. Subterranean Biology 50: 1-28. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.50.113919