Category: Individual-based Ecology

Global insect science comes to Ohio: Pensoft joins the ECN2026 and Entomolgy 2026 conferences

Ohio’s capital hosted two conferences of global significance when it comes to the study of insects, with Pensoft enjoying a front-row seat.

Earlier this month, the city of Columbus became a focal point for knowledge exchange, groundbreaking innovation and meaningful dialogue on the past, present and future of entomology, with Pensoft enjoying a front-row seat.

Pensoft Publishers at the 2026 ECN annual meeting.

More specifically, Ohio’s capital hosted two conferences of global significance when it comes to the study of insects. First came the annual meeting of the Entomological Collections Network (ECN), which took place on the 6th and 7th of November. A comprehensive two-day agenda delved into the many facets of the organisation’s core focus – existing and emerging best practices in the management of and research into museum collections with insect specimens.

For its part, Pensoft Publishers reaffirmed its support for the community by co-sponsoring the event and exhibiting its publication outlets and tools, including the highly relevant Natural History Collections and Museomics (NHCM) journal. Attendees who stopped by the company’s booth thus had the opportunity to discover this relatively new arrival in the company’s portfolio as well as a variety of other Pensoft-affiliated avenues for bridging the gap between their work and its intended audience.

The publishing house also supported the annual meeting’s silent auction, donating the BioRisk issue “Climatic Risk and Distribution Atlas of European Bumblebees” in printed form. The winning bid was placed by Bill Clark from the Orma J. Smith Museum of Natural History, with this and all other proceeds going towards the future growth of ECN.

Bill Clark, winner of Pensoft’s contribution to ECN2026’s silent auction.

Numerous researchers who are actively shaping Pensoft’s journals were also present, with two among them delivering important research updates to the Network’s members:

  • Torsten Dikow, Editor-in-Chief of ZooKeys, introduced a conveyor for entomological digitisation (developed by Picturae) and how this technology can help organise and optimise collections of pollinating insects
  • Davide Dal Pos, Subject Editor of ZooKeys and Deutsche Entomologishe Zeitschrift (DEZ), dived into his team’s vision for revitalising the Enns Entomology Museum and its extensive specimen collection, placing it “back on the map”
Pensoft also hosted a booth at Entomology 2026.

This year’s gathering of the Entomological Society of America, Entomology 2026, immediately followed ECN’s proceedings, lasting until 11 November. Yet again, it proved itself among the largest global meetings of insect experts, enthusiasts and businesses, attracting over 2,000 attendees. As in previous editions, Pensoft Publishers sported a booth on the exhibition floor, where a wide variety of journals that push open-access entomological studies forward were on display, including NeoBiota, the Journal of Orthoptera Research (JOR), Alpine Entomology, African Invertebrates, Nota Lepidopterologica, Bulletin of Insectology and the Journal of Hymenoptera Research (JHR).

  • Entomology 2026, ESA’s 74th Annual Meeting.

Notably, another recent addition to the list, Advances in Pollinator Research (APR), was in the spotlight at the stand, with its Editor-in-Chief Lars Straub and Subject Editor Priya Basu engaging with the conference’s participants on site to discuss how the journal could support pollination-centric research from various perspectives and at different scales.

APR editors Lars Straub and Priya Basu, ready to greet Entomology 2026’s attendees.

The wider selection of journals with relevance to insect-based studies was also featured in the display, represented by the long-established Research Ideas and Outcomes (RIO), One Ecosystem, Nature Conservation, Frontiers of Biogeography, Metabarcoding & Metagenomics (MBMG) and the Biodiversity Data Journal (BDJ).

  • Pensoft’s journal portfolio on display.

In terms of Pensoft’s project portfolio, numerous entomological EU-funded initiatives were also introduced to the booth’s visitors – those were namely the pollination-centric PollinERA, WildPosh, VALOR and AGRI4POL as well as FORSAID, an endeavour to combat the spread of forest pests. Last but not least, Pensoft also seized this opportunity to showcase its latest innovations in communicating and disseminating science – the ARPHA publishing platform, the collaborative workspace ORPHO and the research project portal Scientiana.

Turning to Entomology 2026’s programme and the presentations delivered by some of the experts behind the company’s journals, some of the notable featured topics included:

  • The management of biodiversity informatics via innovative resources and tools for entomological research and collections, explored by Deborah Paul, the Editor-in-Chief of NHCM:
New frontiers in entomological informatics with Deborah Paul.
  • TaxonWorks, an integrated web-based workbench for biodiversity scientists, and its promise in pollinator studies, delivered by Matthew Yoder, Subject Editor for BDJ and author in JHR and ZooKeys:
Matthew Yoder with a flash survey on participants’ awareness of TaxonWorks.
  • Revising the taxonomy of more than 300 species of clown beetles (Histeridae), an ambitious research endeavour laid out by Michael S. Caterino, Subject Editor for and author in ZooKeys:
Clown beetles in focus in a showcase by Michael S. Caterino.

All in all, Pensoft’s presence at conferences of the calibre boasted by ECN2026 and Entomology 2026 remains as crucial as ever at a time when champions of open-science research are needed to usher in this concept’s prevalence on a global level.

Repeated attendances over the years, including that in 2026, have made clear the appreciation entomologists of all sub-disciplines express towards the company’s persistent and evolving pursuits of a truly FAIR standard for academic publishing.


First Individual-Based Model of Basking Sharks Replicates Complicated Social and Environmental Drivers of Behaviour

First individual-based model of basking sharks sheds light on what drives their aggregations.

Basking sharks (Cetorhinus maximus) are the second-largest fish in the world, and they’re largely solitary, following highly individual migration routes. Yet off the coast of Ireland, they sometimes gather at the surface in groups of up to 1,000. Researchers are not sure why as to why that is. Food appears to be an obvious explanation, but observations suggest it isn’t the whole story. These gatherings also put the sharks at risk of boat strikes, which makes understanding them a conservation priority.

Previous models have captured long-range migration trends but struggled to reproduce behaviour at finer scales. Chlorophyll a, the usual stand-in for the sharks’ zooplankton prey, has also matched sightings data inconsistently.

Basking shark
Basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus). Photo credit to Nigel Motyer. Photo via Irish Basking Shark Group.

A new study in Individual-based Ecology takes a different approach. Dr. Chelsea Gray of George Mason University and the Irish Basking Shark Group, with colleagues, built the first individual-based model of basking sharks. It simulates zooplankton directly, rather than relying on a proxy, and follows sharks around the Inishowen Peninsula in Co. Donegal from 1982 to 2018. The team tested four behavioural versions against three decades of public sightings: sharks seeking food only, sharks seeking other sharks only, sharks seeking both, and random movement as a control.

So what did 36 simulated years reveal, and what could it mean for protecting these animals? We reached out to Dr. Chelsea Gray to ask about her motivation, her biggest surprises from the simulations, and the insights the model could offer for conservation.

Basking shark
Basking shark. Image via Canva.

Pensoft (P): What motivated you to conduct research on basking sharks?

Chelsea Gray (CG): I am a member of the Irish Basking Shark Group and my previous research was focused on public perceptions of basking sharks as well as interest in basking shark tourism in Ireland. While completing that research, basking sharks were downgraded by the IUCN from ‘vulnerable’ to ‘endangered’. I was also interested in individual-based modelling.

I recognized that basking sharks, with their distinctive migratory and social behavior, were an ideal subject for an individual-based model (IBM), and that this kind of research could directly support conservation.

Ireland and other nations are currently developing or revising their ocean conservation strategies, so this is the right moment to build models and simulations that can inform policy. I have also carried out qualitative research on how to communicate IBM results to policymakers, so that this work can be put to practical use.

Basking shark
Basking shark. Photo credit to Nigel Motyer. Photo via Irish Basking Shark Group.

P: The model simulated sharks and their zooplankton prey over 36 years. What was the most surprising thing that happened when you ran the simulations, and did the random-movement sharks ever get close to behaving like the real ones?

CG: What surprised me most was how well the model replicated the boom-and-bust cycle of shark aggregations seen in the real world.

This is a complex model, and it took considerable trial and error to get it running and to find settings that produced realistic results. When I finally compared the time series, particularly those of the Food and Food/Social submodels under Test A, the match with real-world sightings data was striking.

The version in which sharks sought both food and each other matched the sightings data most closely, suggesting aggregations emerge from a combination of environmental and social drivers.

A video of the model interface itself. Note: the sharks are not to scale, but are enlarged specifically for the video. Credit to Gray et al., 2026

The random-movement sharks never behaved like real sharks, under any settings. Their aggregations never exceeded two or three individuals, and they formed noticeably fewer aggregations overall. Testing made it clear that the emergent behaviour in the Food and Food/Social submodels resulted from the sharks’ decision-making. This was reassuring, because it shows the model’s results could not have occurred by chance.

P: These gatherings happen at the surface, where boat strikes are a risk. Could this research help keep sharks safe? For example, could the model one day help predict when and where aggregations will form so that boat traffic can be managed?

CG: The model is still at an early stage. As our ability to measure the in-situ preyscape and to remotely sense phytoplankton and zooplankton improve, future iterations of the model will allow for more precise understanding of where the sharks are aggregating. In its current form, it can provide some insight into when (based on zooplankton availability) an aggregation might occur, but not where. It does, however, lay the groundwork for further development. It also serves as a proof of concept, showing that individual-based modelling is a valuable approach to simulating and understanding shark behaviour, even though it demands substantial effort up front.

Head of a basking shark.
Head of a basking shark. Credit to Irish Basking Shark Group.

The model also allows us to develop and test future scenarios, which is essential when considering climate change and marine protected areas. Currently, we don’t know much about the impact of climate change on shark migration, however we do have some evidence that their main prey (calanoid copepods) are shifting northwards.

Climate change could therefore impact the timing and location of future shark aggregations, and we will need to account for this when developing voluntary or statutory guidelines to reduce human threats such as ship strikes. Because the model is adaptable, it is particularly well suited to testing multiple scenarios of this kind. 

P: Why did you choose Individual-based Ecology to publish this research?

Individual-Based Ecology (IBE) fills a very important niche when it comes to environmental research. When previously looking to publish this article, it was difficult to find a journal that would be interested in a proof-of-concept model, especially one that doesn’t quite have policy application. IBMs also remain underused in environmental research, which makes it hard to find editors equipped to assess both the model design and ecological merits of a study.

The model is freely available in the paper’s supplementary material, and Dr. Gray welcomes questions and ideas from researchers interested in developing or experimenting with individual-based models of basking sharks.

Read the full paper:

Gray C, Rothman DS, Peters-Burton E, Smith C, Parsons ECM, Garretson A (2026) An individual-based model of basking sharks in Ireland. Individual-based Ecology 2: e176474. https://doi.org/10.3897/ibe.2.176474

Pensoft publishes the collection of abstracts for LTER Bulgaria 20th anniversary conference

The “sea capital” of Bulgaria, the city of Varna, hosted a very special occasion during the past week – an international conference marking the 20th anniversary of the LTER-BG network. Over the past two decades, its members have been dedicated to establishing roadmaps and infrastructures for generating, consolidating and sharing ecosystem research data across the Balkan country and beyond.

In celebration of this milestone, members of the wider eLTER community, encompassing the whole of Europe, contributed to a three-day agenda packed with progress updates, innovative showcases and meaningful discussions on the past and future of long-term ecosystem, critical zone and socio-ecological research.

eLTER network at the LTER-BG International Scientific Conference 2026
The participants in the LTER Bulgaria international scientific conference 2026.

Pensoft Publishers has served as the communication and dissemination partner for the eLTER Research Infrastructure for the past six years. Pensoft has also always supported the activities of LTER Bulgaria.

For this 20th anniversary conference, all 55 abstracts for oral and poster presentations were organised and published in a special collection titled “Long-Term Ecosystem Research: Contributions, Challenges and Future Perspectives” on the ARPHA Conference Abstracts, and for less than a week it has already garnered over 6,000 views.

ARPHA Conference Abstracts from LTER-BG International Scientific Conference 2026

Conference abstracts published in ARPHA Conference Abstracts.

Impressed by the statements of engagement made by young scientists within the eLTER community, the Pensoft team supported the organisers’ idea to provide an Early Career Scientist Award, which granted its recipient a free publication in the One Ecosystem journal.

Following a unanimous vote by the  dedicated jury members Svetla Doncheva, Vesela Evtimova, Elena Todorova and Alexandra Tzvetkova, early career researcher Sabica Naz from the Slovak Academy of Sciences was selected as the winner. She distinguished herself with the presentation “Impacts of pre-season climatic and functional drivers on the spring onset of phenocam-derived GCC”. 

As the official communication partner of eLTER and its affiliated projects, Pensoft provided dissemination materials by eLTER RI at the dedicated booth where attendees also had the opportunity to familiarise themselves with the company’s wider publishing and research project portfolio.

At the booth, participants could get acquainted with Pensoft’s wider scientific journal portfolio. With One Ecosystem and Nature Conservation covering ecosystem science and conservation practices, NeoBiota focuses on biological invasions and Advances in Pollinator Research dedicated to all things pollinator science. Individual-based Ecology publishes research on individual-level ecological processes while the Biodiversity Data Journal supports the publication of biodiversity data. Alongside these, Research Ideas and Outcomes offers a platform for sharing research across the whole project cycle, from proposals to final results.

  • ORPHO and Scientiana promo materials
    ORPHO and Scientiana promo materials
  • Metabarcoding and Metagenomics brochure.
    Metabarcoding and Metagenomics brochure.
  • Frontiers of Biogeography brochure.
    Frontiers of Biogeography brochure.
  • Advances in Pollinator Research
    Advances in Pollinator Research promo materials.
  • Individual-based Ecology
    Individual-based Ecology promo material.
  • One Ecosystem journal
    One Ecosystem journal brochure.
  • NeoBiota promo materials.
    NeoBiota promo materials.

Beyond these commitments, Pensoft was front and centre within the event’s agenda as well.

Alexandra Tzvetkova during the opening panel of LTER-BG International Scientific Conference 2026
Alexandra Tzvetkova during the opening panel.

During the opening panel, Alexandra Tzvetkova, part of the Pensoft team working for eLTER RI, welcomed the participants, reminded them to start sharing the special collection of abstracts with their networks and highlighted the innovative propositions from Pensoft that were about to be presented in the next days and could be very useful for the eLTER community in the future – Scientiana and ORPHO.

Further, two Pensoft presentations were delivered as part of the thematic session “Emerging Technologies in Ecosystem Research, Data Management and Open Science in LTER”, and brought the audience closer to the publisher’s vision for the future:

Senior Communications Officer Peter Bozakov delved into the forthcoming science communication platform for research projects Scientiana. Launching in early 2027, it is set to be a portal for consolidating knowledge, mapping out collaborations and innovating outreach in the context of past, present and future scientific initiatives at all scales.

Pensoft’s newest platform Scientiana
Peter Bozakov introduces Pensoft’s newest platform – Scientiana.

While, Events and Marketing Coordinator Victoria Stoyanova explored the new frontiers that an AI-FAIR outlook unveils in the domain of academic publishing. Specifically, she showcased the evolution of the ARPHA platform and the newly launched ORPHO, Pensoft’s next-gen collaborative writing tool, as examples of innovation placed directly in the hands of authors.

Together, ARPHA and ORPHO support the entire manuscript workflow from submission to publication, with structuring, taxon tagging, classification, and data publication  taking place as part of the publication process itself. 

A crash course in using ORHPO
A crash course in using ORHPO by Victoria Stoyanova

The presentations proved themselves a stepping stone to further discussions on potential collaborations with scientists, conversations that were bolstered by on-site demonstrations of the tools in question.

The conference in Varna was enjoyable, fruitful and full of hope and esteem for the better future of long-term ecosystem research. And our Pensoft team left with many ideas and an affirmed ambition to keep working to provide better solutions and services for the development of European science. What we will always remember are the words of our host – the national coordinator of LTER Bulgaria in the past 20 years, Svetla Doncheva-Bratanova: 

I would like to thank the Pensoft team for the wonderful participation in the conference. You are amazing and I am certain we could do wonders together!

Many thanks to the Bulgarian LTER community and the wider eLTER community for bringing together so many passionate researchers and making these past few days special.

Open Access Week 2026: Why Pensoft Chose Open from the Start

This Open Access Week, discover how Pensoft championed open access since ZooKeys through fair APCs, ARPHA tools and FAIR data.

For millennia, people have gathered data and knowledge – about where to hunt, eat, trade, and live – and shared it through experiences, stories and songs. Today, we continue to do so by creating and sharing knowledge in order to “advance human understanding and the common good.”

This year’s International Open Access Week theme, “The Cost of Knowledge,” reminds us that sharing knowledge has a price: subscription fees and article processing charges, the time and expertise of authors, reviewers and editors, and the investment and know-how behind user-friendly digital infrastructures. 

Table of Contents

The themes echo the ones we looked at during Peer Review Week 2026, where we gave our Editors-in-Chief the chance to share the challenges they face in sustaining the peer review process, from the influx of papers and data to the shortage of researchers willing to review – you can read what they told us here: https://blog.pensoft.net/2026/09/11/peer-review-week-2026-building-capacity-for-the-long-run/ 

Open from the very beginning

ZooKeys journal homepage
ZooKeys journal homepage.

At Pensoft, open access has never been an add-on. Founded in 1992 by scientists for scientists, we launched our first journal, ZooKeys, as fully open access in 2008, and it has been open from its very first issue. After all, it has always been our thinking that research can only serve the common good when everyone can read it, use it and build on it. This is why from the very start, we wanted ZooKeys to speed up research and free the exchange of information in taxonomy.

That principle has shaped every journal we have incepted since from PhytoKeys and MycoKeys to Biodiversity Data Journal to more recently launched Natural History Collections and Museomics and Individual-Based Ecology. 

Research Ideas and Outcomes journal homepage
RIO journal homepage.

In 2025, together with long-term collaborators from the open-science community, we founded the quite revolutionary and unique journal Research Ideas and Outcomes (RIO) with the aim to catalyse the culture change in research communication by publishing ideas, project proposals, data/software management plans and various other outcomes that would typically be lost for the scientific community. The recognition for RIO’s approach to scholarly communication came only half a year later when SPARC went on to name an Open Science Innovator.

ARPHA Publishing Platform
ARPHA Publishing Platform – homepage.

Throughout our existence as a publisher all of our journals have been 100% open access. Hosted on our own ARPHA Publishing Platform and operating under CC BY license, all scholarly titles in our portfolio make sure that every article can be read, shared and reused freely while authors retain the copyright to their work.

Yet, open should also mean fair. Our article processing charges are among the most competitive in the field, and we are transparent about what they cover: we were among the first publishers to share our pricing and services through Plan S’s Journal Comparison Service, and publicly provide our Open Access and APC Policies in full compliance with the Plan S requirements. We also work with international consortia to further reduce financial frictions and administrative burden for researchers and their institutions. As of this year, for instance, we’ve partnered up with Bibsam Consortium to advance open scholarly publishing across Sweden.

A streamlined process

ARPHA Publishing Platform services
ARPHA services

Our proprietary ARPHA Publishing Platform offers a full-featured, end-to-end open access publishing and hosting solution, with a suite of connected services built around it.

The ARPHA suite

Apart from about 100 open-access scholarly journals, ARPHA powers the ARPHA Preprints platform, which seamlessly integrates with journals to let authors make their manuscripts publicly available upon submission; the platform also provides high-quality and technologically advanced open-access publication for conference outputs through ARPHA Proceedings and ARPHA Conference Abstracts. Through Advanced Books, authors and researchers can bring whole open access books to readers in semantically enhanced HTML and PDF formats.  

ORPHO – the next-gen tool for scientific writing

Most recently, we launched ORPHO, our next-generation collaborative workspace for scientific writing. Within ORPHO, researchers and authors can enrich their manuscripts semantically, so that their research, as well as underlying data remains FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) and AI-ready. 

Together, these tools streamline the publication of text and semantically rich data, making openness a natural part of the research workflow rather than an extra step.

Also, along with Plazi, we run the Biodiversity Literature Repository on Zenodo, which gives articles, figures and taxonomic treatments their own DOIs and releases them under CC0, so the data inside publications can be found, cited and reused by platforms such as GBIF.

This is what a publisher built by scientists can offer: a model that treats knowledge as something to be shared, prices that stay open and transparent, and infrastructure that makes research easier to find, reuse and trust.

Throughout our existence as a scholarly publisher and technology provider, Pensoft has always considered it our responsibility to ensure that valuable research outputs are shared efficiently with the world. This gives everyone, everywhere, the opportunity to make sense of and use this knowledge, while giving full credit to the scientists behind it. This is how, in our vision, scientific work and knowledge can achieve optimal impact on society and future research.

comments Iva Boyadzhieva, Head of Journal development and PR at Pensoft.

Reclaiming knowledge as a common good

Open Access Week 2026 at Pensoft

As this year’s Open Access Week puts it:

“Momentum is growing for approaches to treat knowledge as a common good and not a commodity to be mined.” – Open Access Week 2026

We believe that momentum is real, and we have seen it grow ever since the first issue of ZooKeys. At Pensoft we are proud to say that we have championed open access in publishing, building the tools, workflows and partnerships that make it work in practice, and we will keep doing so alongside the institutions, funders, editors and researchers who share this commitment.

Explore our journals and services at pensoft.net

Can We Teach AI to See the World the Way Animals Do?

New paper proposes using deep learning to collect richer ecological data, with the aim of better predicting how ecological communities change.

For decades, ecology has been very good at explaining the past. We can look at a collapsed fishery, a vanished pollinator population, or a coral reef bleaching event and piece together, after the fact, what went wrong. What ecology has struggled to do, and what it needs to get better at, is predicting these changes before they happen.

Conservation policymakers don’t just need to understand why an ecosystem collapsed last year. They need to know what will happen if we build a road through a forest, dam a river, or let a new pesticide into widespread use, before those decisions are made, not after the damage is done.

A new method paper by C. J. M. Musters and Geert R. de Snoo of Leiden University, published in Individual-based Ecology, explores whether combining deep learning with this individual-based framework could offer a way forward. They propose: closing the prediction gap requires not just better data, but an entirely different kind of data – and possibly, machines that sense the world the way animals do. 

Why Predicting Ecosystems Is So Hard

Ecological communities are dazzlingly complex. Every organism in a habitat is constantly responding to its environment and to every other organism around it, like competing for food, avoiding predators, seeking mates, adjusting behavior with the seasons. Traditional ecology often simplifies this complexity by grouping organisms into species-level categories. 

Ecosystem illustration
Example of an ecosystem. Credit to goodstudio via Canva.

Musters and de Snoo point to the work of ecologist John Lawton, who argued that this kind of unpredictability is strongest at “intermediate” scales – not in small populations of a single species, not across whole biomes, but somewhere in between. The authors define this middle ground as spaces of roughly 1 to 1,000,000 km² over 10 to 100 years. Unhelpfully, that’s also roughly the scale at which conservation decisions actually get made. 

Organism-based Ecology or Individual-based Ecology takes a different starting point. Instead of assuming species behave as uniform units, it treats individual organisms as the fundamental actors whose actions and interactions generate the patterns we see in ecosystems. That’s a more realistic picture – but also a far more complicated one. Communities become vast networks of individual organisms, each constantly gathering and responding to information from their surroundings and from each other. 

Where Deep Learning Comes In 

Binary code
Binary codes. Credit to RDGraphics via Canva.

Deep learning (DL), the technology behind everything from image recognition to language models, is extraordinarily good at finding patterns in complex data. In principle, DL combined with organism-based ecology, the study of how individual organisms behave and interact, could be used to build models that predict how a community will shift as conditions change.

However, deep learning is only as good as the data you feed it, and the data ecology currently collects wasn’t designed with this goal in mind.

Traditional ecological datasets tend to record outcomes: population counts, species distributions, migration patterns. What they largely fail to capture is something more fundamental – the raw sensory information that organisms actually use to make decisions. A bird doesn’t respond to “average temperature over the season.” It responds to what it can see, smell, hear, and feel, moment to moment, in its environment.

Schematic
Flow diagram of the first three time-steps of a Recurrent Neural Network to predict changes in the state of community.  Credit to Musters & de Snoo GR, 2026.

If deep learning models are going to predict how organisms actually behave and interact, the authors argue, they need training data that reflects what the organisms themselves are sensing rather than just retrospective statistics ecologists usually collect. 

Building “Artificial Sense Organs” for Ecology

To generate that new kind of data, Musters and de Snoo propose building sensory instruments that mimic the sense organs of the organisms themselves – broad-spectrum devices that continuously and non-invasively record the same signals animals, plants, fungi, and microbes use to make decisions. Paired with existing tools like camera traps, biologging, satellite imagery, and environmental DNA sampling, this could generate the rich, organism-centered datasets that deep learning models actually need. 

A Call for Caution

Deep Learning models are black boxes, even when their predictions are accurate, it’s often unclear why. Models trained on incomplete or biased data can generate ecologically impossible results, like population sizes that go negative. 

Also, models trained largely on data from wealthy, well-studied regions could embed cultural assumptions that don’t transfer elsewhere. The authors offer a vivid example, Black-tailed Godwits are cherished in the Netherlands but considered agricultural pests in parts of West Africa, where they feed on rice rather than soil invertebrates. Applying a European-trained model globally, without care, risks a kind of “unintentional colonialism” in conservation decision-making. 

In their method paper, the authors are clear, that the models they describe don’t exist yet, and that building them will require new instruments, new interdisciplinary collaboration between ecologists and ethologists, and  critically explicit, published testing of where these models work and where they don’t. What they’re offering instead is a roadmap, by starting small, building sensory prototypes, training experimental models on well-studied plots, and rigorously checking every prediction against reality before trusting it with real conservation decisions. 

Whether “artificial sense organs” turn out to be the right way to get there remains to be seen. But the underlying challenge – teaching machines to understand ecosystems well enough to predict their future – is one of the more important questions facing conservation science today. 

Original source:

Musters CJM, de Snoo GR (2026) Challenges and opportunities for Artificial Intelligence for predicting changes in ecological communities. Individual-based Ecology 2: e199762. https://doi.org/10.3897/ibe.2.199762 

Pensoft at TDWG2026: Pushing the boundaries of innovation in biodiversity data management forward

Last week marked another annual meeting of the Biodiversity Information Standards network, otherwise known as TDWG, with the Norwegian capital Oslo hosting the event between 20 and 25 September.

Last week marked another annual meeting of the Biodiversity Information Standards network, otherwise known as TDWG, with the Norwegian capital Oslo hosting the event between 21 and 25 September.

TDWG is the international, non-profit organisation formerly known as the Taxonomic Databases Working Group, which develops and maintains the standards, such as Darwin Core, that allow biodiversity data to be shared, integrated and understood across institutions worldwide.

The six-day programme was a meeting point for over 300 stakeholders from research, practitioner and corporate circles, with proceedings centred around one central topic – “Research and Robot-Ready Biodiversity Data Standards”. In that sense, the themes of accessibility, responsibility, innovation and collaboration were foremost on the minds of participants as they contemplated how information on the biosphere should be extracted, consolidated and shared in the years to come.

As a long-standing partner of TDWG, Pensoft Publishers served as both a sponsor and an exhibitor for the event. In the latter capacity, the company contributed with a joint booth for three of the EU-funded projects it is leading the outreach efforts for:

  • BMD – an initiative working towards a Biodiversity Explorer for high-throughput biodiversity monitoring tools, biodiversity data and biodiversity analyses for better conservation across Europe
  • TETTRIX – a new arrival building a next-generation taxonomic system connecting knowledge, expertise and innovation for all across the Old Continent
  • ANERIS – a pan-European effort to mobilise a network of operational marine biology via a new technological infrastructure
The Pensoft team at the joint booth of the BMD, TETTRIX and ANERIS projects.

A number of other projects from Pensoft’s communication portfolio also found a place in the display, including BEAGLE, OneSTOP, B-Cubed, MAMBO, OBSGESSION and BioAgora. Furthermore, 14 of the company’s journals were in the spotlight, including Biodiversity Information Science and Standards (BISS), the official journal of the TDWG community (where all of the conference’s abstracts are set to be published).  

Crucially, the event also saw the official launch of ORPHO, Pensoft’s new collaborative workspace for scientific writing. Founder and CEO Prof. Lyubomir Penev and CTO Teodor Georgiev conducted live demos of the tool, showcasing how manuscripts crafted within it with full version control for authors become discoverable, interoperable and FAIR-compliant.

In the context of TDWG2026’s agenda, they also presented ORPHO’s integrated semantic annotation and communication instruments as part of the workshop “How Literature Services can Support & Benefit from Biodiversity Publication and Data Standards?” on 24 September. The workspace was received with anticipation and enthusiasm by attendees, with many expressing a desire to test it out for themselves.

They were also treated with a tease of Pensoft’s next large-scale endeavour, as Senior Communications Officer Peter Bozakov pulled the curtain behind the forthcoming communication platform for research projects Scientiana.

  • Pensoft’s CTO Teodor Georgiev introduces the collaborative scientific workspace ORPHO.

As for other notable contributions to the wider conference agenda by researchers affiliated with Pensoft’s publishing or project activities:

  • The session “Operationalising Biodiversity Digital Twins within Data Space Ecosystems”, which was co-led by BMD coordinator and long-time author and reviewer across several Pensoft journals, including Biodiversity Data Journal and Research Ideas and Outcomes, Niels Raes, and showcased a number of innovative outputs from the project. As such, it was an important occasion to assess the initiative’s progress towards unifying Europe’s Data Space within a single Biodiversity Explorer.
Niels Raes presenting “Mainstreaming high-throughput biodiversity monitoring using AI” at TDWG 2026.
  • The symposium “Publishing and Communications Promoting Biodiversity, Natural History Collections, People, Data and Data Standards”, for which Deborah Paul (co-Editor-in-Chief of the Natural History Collections and Museomics (NHCM) journal) had the role of co-organiser. Within it, the TETTRIX project’s vision for the automated tracking of taxonomic research activities was laid out by consortium member David Fichtmüller. Moreover, Shelley James (co-Editor-in-Chief for NHCM) delivered an insightful talk on the creative promotion of biodiversity data and standards for success and recognition.
Co-Editors-in-Chief of NHCM, Shelley James and Deborah Paul, presenting “Hit or miss? Creative promotion of biodiversity data and standards for success and recognition” at TDWG 2026.

Notably, the Biodiversity Information Science and Standards (BISS) journal is the home for TDWG conference abstracts. TDWG 2026 presenters can currently submit their abstracts there and publish them in an extended abstract or mini-paper format completely free of charge. The journal also hosts abstracts from conferences held over the past decade. You can browse the TDWG 2026 collection here.

Last but not least, the company’s sponsorship supported two awards at TDWG2026 (with a free publication in a Pensoft journal as an accompanying prize):

  • Best Student Oral Presentation – awarded to Yeshan Qui for “Reporting structure and sampling-bias correction in citizen-science bird data across Asian cities”
  • Best Student Poster – awarded to Claudia Campanini for “Improving marine fieldwork documentation and metadata with Adaptable Standardised Methods Reporting (ASMR)”
Claudia Campanini receiving the Pensoft Best Student Poster Award at TDWG 2026.

Overall, TDWG2026 proved itself a crucial forum for mapping out the future of biodiversity monitoring and the management of the myriad data streams that emerge from it. Pensoft is proud to be an important actor in this process, contributing with innovative tools and solutions at the heart of the interface between research and practice. As summarised by Prof. Penev:

“Given its status as a large-scale conference centred around the future of biodiversity sciences in the age of AI, TDWG2026 was a crucial venue for unveiling Pensoft’s forward-looking vision for academic publishing and science communication. The “pearl” of these pursuits is undoubtedly the ORPHO workspace, a tool that is well-placed to introduce a new standard when it comes to collaborative AI-FAIR research in Europe and beyond.”

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Pensoft at the Nordic Oikos-GfÖ 2026 conference: Integrating the Diversity of Ecology

Between 13-17 September 2026, Pensoft Publishers joined the Nordic Oikos-GfÖ 2026 conference in Odense, Denmark.

Between 13-17 September 2026, Pensoft Publishers joined the Nordic Oikos-GfÖ 2026 conference, jointly organised by the Nordic Society Oikos and the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland (GfÖ) in Odense, Denmark.

Themed “Integrating the Diversity of Ecology”, the event welcomed over 1,000 researchers in the field from across career stages, who had the opportunity to enjoy conference talks across 36 thematic sessions, as many as six keynote talks, two poster sessions, several open society meetings and quite a few social events, including excursions and a conference dinner. 

Conference delegates enjoying the musical clock installation mounted on an elevated balcony on the glass façade of the ODEON building, where the Nordic Oikos-GfÖ 2026 conference took place between 13 and 17 September 2026.

Throughout the scientific event, conference delegates had the opportunity to also explore the various publishing services offered by Pensoft to authors of research, journal managers, conference organisers; the diverse portfolio of almost 100 open-access peer-reviewed journals published on Pensoft’s ARPHA Publishing Platform.

Beyond publishing solutions, a key focus was given to OBSGESSION: a Horizon Europe-funded project where Pensoft is actively involved. To better understand and predict changes in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, the OBSGESSION consortium integrates multi-source Earth Observation data (such as high-resolution satellite imagery and drone monitoring) with ground-based in-situ research, including advanced environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling. By coupling these data streams with cutting-edge detection-attribution modelling and machine learning algorithms, the project generates scalable Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs). These ecological approaches and analytical frameworks are actively tested and validated through six biodiversity pilots across diverse European ecosystems. In the open-science Research Ideas and Outcomes journal, you can find a collection of project outputs, including research papers, project reports and deliverables, and guideline papers published across journals and platforms.

At the Pensoft-OBSGESSION-branded booth, conference participants would stop by to chat with Pensoft’s Head of Journal development and PR: Iva Boyadzhieva and Senior Communications Officer: Desislava Raykova.

As a leader of the “Dissemination, Multi-stakeholder outreach and synergies” work package at OBSGESSION, Pensoft is tasked with stakeholder engagement and community building, ultimately contributing to the high impact of the resulting outputs, methodologies and policy recommendations that aim to strengthen public understanding of biodiversity change.

Earth Observation meets in-situ biodiversity monitoring: Pensoft joins the OBSGESSION project

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One of the six keynote talks was presented by Prof. Dr. Isabell Hensen (Martin Luther University Halle, Germany), who received the GfÖ Honorary Medal 2026 for her leading, forward-looking contributions to ecological research and the scientific community. Her work examines how genetic variation, environmental conditions, disturbance, and plant-animal interactions shape plant populations, with particular emphasis on rare species, biological invasions, and the regeneration of degraded forests.

In her talk, titled “One spark is enough: regeneration ecology of Andean forests under global change”, she reported on post-fire regeneration processes in tropical Andean forests, based on long-term field experiments and observational studies. 

Hensen focused on the well-studied endemic plant genus Polylepis, which forms the world’s highest-elevation forests and illustrates how fire has shaped ecosystem dynamics over millennia. Her talk also mentioned a 2022 monograph of the genus, published in the Pensoft journal PhytoKeys by Tatiana Erika Boza Espinoza (Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú) and Michael Kessler (University of Zurich), which brought together results from 35 years of field and herbarium experience.

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On Wednesday, Pensoft’s Iva Boyadzhieva delivered a presentation titled “Scholarly Communication: Lessons from the Publisher’s Kitchen”. She highlighted the vital role publishers play in helping researchers communicate their insights not only to peers, but also to decision-makers and the public. Emphasizing the publisher’s responsibility to support authors with robust infrastructure and dedicated human expertise, she outlined how Pensoft works to FAIRify scholarly publishing and future-proof scientific knowledge in an era of rapid AI development and expanding research output.

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Pensoft’s team was delighted to meet up with dedicated readers, authors, reviewers, and editors from across Pensoft’s portfolio, as well as introduce Pensoft journals to attendees discovering them for the first time.

Unsurprisingly, well-established society journals published by Pensoft, such as Frontiers of Biogeography, NeoBiota, Vegetation Classification and Survey, Vegetation Ecology and Diversity and Italian Botanist drew plenty of attention, alongside long-standing Pensoft’s own titles like Nature Conservation, PhytoKeys, One Ecosystem and the Biodiversity Data Journal. 

Visitors were also particularly intrigued by several newly launched Pensoft journals. Developed in close collaboration with passionate researchers, these fresh outlets directly address key gaps in academic publishing. 

One of the newly launched journals in the spotlight was Agricultural and Environmental Modelling (AEM), which provides a unique scholarly outlet thanks to its modern approach to publishing by increasing transparency, giving credit to research objects across the entire modelling research lifecycle. This is achieved through publishing specialised article types, such as: Formal Model, Model Testing and Calibration, Model Implementation and Documentation, Data Papers and Software Descriptions. These new publishing formats are designed to keep pace with advances in Modelling research and to make it FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) by enabling scholarly credit for diverse research outputs, often created by different groups of authors. For the time being, AEM remains a Diamond Open Access journal, meaning that it will not charge authors for open-access publication. 

Other recently founded journals addressing emerging and fast-developing disciplines within the ecological field that took the spotlight were:

  • Individual-Based Ecology: launched to support understanding and predicting ecological systems’ response to rapidly changing and novel conditions by linking individual responses to responses at higher levels of organisation.
  • Advances in Pollinator Research: a multidisciplinary journal publishing research on pollination ecology, pollinator-plant interactions, pollinator health and drivers of pollinator declines, crop and wild flower pollination, pollinator conservation practices, molecular ecology of pollinators, pollinator and pollination monitoring, decision support for policy and socio-economics.
  • Journal of Regeneration: a multidisciplinary journal for the dissemination of research results on regeneration and tissue repair across phyla. These mechanisms can be framed within an evolutionary framework and integrate a variety of cellular processes involving stem cells, dedifferentiating or even transdifferentiating cells. 

All of these journals operate with no article fees for either authors, nor readers.

To receive updates on new publications and relevant news, sign up for Email Alerts on any journal’s homepage. Creating a Pensoft account also allows users to  easily customise their notification preferences, follow additional journals, or filter updates by research topic. You can also follow journals on social media, including BlueSky, Facebook and Linkedin.

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Supporting European Policy Through Priority Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs)

Delegates at the event showed strong interest in OBSGESSION’s first policy brief: “Prioritising Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) to support European Union (EU) policy needs based on the EU’s Biodiversity Strategy for 2030.” To tackle a critical challenge in environmental monitoring, OBSGESSION focuses on prioritising key EBVs to directly support the EU Biodiversity Strategy 2030 – a roadmap designed to put Europe’s biodiversity on a path to recovery through 102 specific actions and sub-actions.

To align these policy needs with actionable data, the OBSGESSION team conducted an assessment to identify priority EBV candidates. By categorising EBV-applicable actions and indicators across different ecosystem realms and implementation stages, the project pinpointed the most essential variables needed to strengthen monitoring, reporting, and policy execution. The document is based on a deliverable by the project (D1.1 Policy Landscape and Needs Assessment).

This policy brief is part of a broader, ongoing effort within OBSGESSION to bridge the gap between biodiversity data and policy execution. To dive deeper into the science behind this topic, the project has hosted a dedicated seminar series exploring key aspects of the framework:

Bringing Methodologies to Life Across European Ecosystems

Beyond theoretical frameworks, OBSGESSION grounds its research in six biodiversity validation pilots across Europe. The case studies represent European biodiversity and ecosystem conservation challenges at scales varying from local to regional. Full details on each ecosystem pilot are now available in a collection of newly published pilot factsheets, which made their debut at the conference, where people could take a look at their digital versions. 

Reading those materials gives an insight into the practical testing environment to demonstrate how Earth observation, field research, and ecological modelling come together to deliver actionable biodiversity insights. You can also check out OBSGESSION’s biodiversity pilots on the project’s website.

The OBSGESSION in a Nutshell video presents a concise overview of the project’s overarching mission and components.

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To relive the conference by exploring the detailed programme alongside the full abstracts, visit the conference website.

Keep up with future updates and news from Pensoft by following us on Bluesky, Facebook, X, and LinkedIn. 

Pensoft at the European Small Mammal Conservation Conference 2026

The inaugural conference took place in Sofia, Bulgaria, bringing together researchers, conservationists and practitioners to address gaps in small mammal research and monitoring. 

The inaugural European Small Mammal Conservation Conference (SMCC 2026) took place in Sofia, Bulgaria, from 21 to 25 September 2026, bringing together researchers, conservationists and practitioners from across Europe and beyond to address gaps in small mammal research and monitoring. 

Table of Contents

Organised jointly by the Habitat Foundation, the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, the Dutch Mammal Society and Mammal Conservation Europe, with support from the Faculty of Biology at Sofia University, the conference formed part of the Life for Falcons project, funded by the EU LIFE Programme.

This year’s conference was held jointly with the 33rd Hamster Working Group and the VIII European Ground Squirrel Meeting, making hamsters and sousliks the primary focus, alongside broader topics including renewable energy development, agricultural impacts, reintroductions, predator–prey interactions and innovative methodologies in small mammal research.

Pensoft’s Participation

We were delighted to participate in SMCC 2026 with an exhibition booth, showcasing the breadth of publishing services we offer to the biodiversity and conservation community. It was a pleasure to present our portfolio of journals dedicated to advancing research across ecology, biodiversity and conservation.

  • Pensoft’s booth at SMCC 2026.

We were particularly proud to present the following journals:

  • Pensoft’s journal portfolio exhibited at SMCC 2026.

Meeting delegates from across the small mammal research community was tremendously rewarding, and we thoroughly enjoyed discussing how our journals can support and amplify their work.

Beyond our academic offerings, we were particularly excited to showcase beautiful art prints illustrated by our in-house scientific illustrator, Denitsa Peneva. The collection featured stunning depictions of otters, olinguitos and hamsters.

Pensoft’s art prints at SMCC 2026.

Conference Highlights

The scientific programme was exceptional, and we were privileged to attend many outstanding presentations that demonstrated the importance of innovative monitoring approaches and conservation action.

Lessons from Citizen Science for Small Mammal Conservation Monitoring in Great Britain

We were delighted to attend a talk by Matt Larsen-Daw, Chief Executive of the Mammal Society (UK), which presented a portfolio of citizen science programmes designed to address distribution knowledge and population monitoring across Great Britain. The programmes, united by the Mammal Mapper smartphone app, included the National Harvest Mouse Survey, the Searching for Shrews initiative, and the University Mammal Challenge. 

The presentation highlighted the value of standardised effort data, the differing trade-offs between structured and opportunistic recording, and the potential for these approaches to be applied across European contexts.

Matt Larsen-Daw presenting “Lessons from citizen science for small mammal conservation monitoring in Great Britain” at SMCC 2026.

Strong Decline of Hamster Populations in Bulgaria

We were equally impressed by Nedko Nedyalkov’s presentation documenting the significant decline in distribution and abundance of both the common hamster (Cricetus cricetus) and the Romanian hamster (Mesocricetus newtoni) across Bulgaria. The research revealed that population reductions, detected through owl pellet analysis and trapping methods, likely began in the 1950s with agricultural intensification and continue today. 

Given that both species are strictly protected under the EU Habitats Directive yet lack active conservation projects, the presentation substantiated the urgent need for targeted conservation measures. We are also pleased to note that Nedko serves as a subject editor for two of our open-access journals, ZooKeys and the Biodiversity Data Journal.

Nedko Nedyalkov presenting “Strong decline of the distribution and abundance of Cricetus cricetus and Mesocricetus newtoni (Mammalia: Cricetinae) in Bulgaria” at SMCC 2026.

Reintroduced Saker Falcons and Their Dependence on European Ground Squirrels

Yana Andonova’s presentation on the diet of Bulgaria’s reintroduced saker falcon population provided compelling evidence of the breeding birds’ overwhelming dependence on the European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) as a primary food source.

Through food-remain analysis, visual observations and camera-trap monitoring, the research documented that ground squirrels comprised over 80 per cent of identified prey items, with small rodents accounting for 89 per cent overall! It is also worth mentioning that Andonova is an author in our open-access Biodiversity Data Journal.

Yana Andonova presenting “Reintroduced Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug Gray, 1834) are dependent on European ground squirrels during the breeding period in Bulgaria” at SMCC 2026.

Looking Forward

Attending SMCC 2026 was a genuine pleasure and particularly meaningful given that the conference took place in Sofia, the city in which our company is based. Connecting with researchers and conservationists working at the forefront of small mammal conservation, and sharing our commitment to advancing biodiversity research through open-access publishing, reinforced our dedication to supporting this important field. 

We look very much forward to engaging with this community again at future events!

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Pensoft launches ORPHO: A new intelligent workspace for scientific writing

The beta release of an innovative collaborative stand-alone authoring tool transforms manuscript preparation with semantic enrichment and real-time collaboration capabilities.

Scholarly publisher and technology provider Pensoft Publishers announces the beta launch of ORPHO, a revolutionary online platform designed to streamline collaborative scientific writing and produce AI-ready, future-proof scholarly literature. 

ORPHO presents a significant advancement in scholarly publishing technology, combining intuitive writing features with sophisticated semantic enrichment capabilities. The new platform builds upon Pensoft’s fifteen years of experience as a developer of semantic publishing infrastructure.

Key Features

Within a shared online workspace, researchers can start with built-in customisable templates, create their own or import an existing file. They can then team up with collaborators in real time using track changes, role-based user rights, inline comments, and document-level chat. More significantly, ORPHO automatically structures scientific content according to international publishing standards, making research outputs findable, discoverable, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) once published. 

Unlike its predecessor, the ARPHA Writing Tool, ORPHO is available as a standalone real-time collaborative workspace decoupled from journals hosted on Pensoft’s ARPHA Publishing Platform. Once a manuscript is ready, authors receive AI-FAIR machine-readable content that can be formatted to meet multiple journal requirements at the click of a button.

The platform’s adaptability to domain-specific workflows is currently being piloted in biodiversity science. ORPHO integrates seamlessly with leading biodiversity data aggregators, including the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) and PlutoF, via import and export facilities for structured data, making ORPHO particularly valuable for researchers handling taxonomic, ecological and biodiversity data. 

Taxon names, for example, can be automatically imported and linked through persistent identifiers from sources like the Catalogue of Life (CoL), International Plant Names Index (IPNI), World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) and World Flora Online (WFO).

  • ORPHO: A new intelligent workspace for scientific writing.

Why ORPHO?

The name draws inspiration from multiple sources which reflect the tool’s philosophy and heritage. Named after Orphium: a unique plant genus endemic to South Africa whose sole species (Orphium frutescens) is known as the sea rose, ORPHO reflects the platform’s distinctive nature, heritage, and core philosophy.

It also evokes Orpheus, the legendary musician of ancient Thrace whose home region, the Rhodopi Mountains, lies in present-day Bulgaria, where ORPHO’s developer, Pensoft, is headquartered. The name thus honours the tool’s origins whilst embodying the exceptional creative performance it enables. 

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Prof. Dr. Lyubomir Penev, founder and CEO of Pensoft, comments:

“We are well aware that researchers today face an overwhelming list of formatting requirements and technical demands in an AI-driven landscape. It is true that rapid technological advancement presents both immense opportunities and mounting complexities for researchers.

We built ORPHO to remove that friction by offering an intuitive, collaborative workspace that lets scientists focus on their research. As a scientific publisher, our mission is to make scholarly publishing a seamless, rewarding experience fit for the modern age.”

The beta release invites researchers, institutions and publishing platforms to trial ORPHO and provide feedback. Access is available at orpho.net.